Shell/Tube - Joint Efficiencies Common Issues

It is not uncommon for there to be some confusion about how to use the joint efficiency values in the cylinder pressure calculations.  Remember that a joint has a joint efficiency (a stress does not) and that the joint is pulled on by stresses 90 degrees to the joint.  Long seam joints are pulled on by circumferential stress and Circumferential seam joints are pulled on by longitudinal stress.