{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"The following document contains the intensive updates and features regarding the PRG June 2022 release.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"table","attrs":{"layout":"default","width":760.0,"localId":"592df1d0-5f51-4192-8df9-86acdbb3e995"},"content":[{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[340.0]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Features and Modifications","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[340.0]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Section","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[340.0]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"General Features","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"#Section1"}}]}]},{"type":"bulletList","content":[{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"PRG Integration with CEI ","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"UI Changes","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Entitlement Improvements","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"PRG Help Documentation","type":"text"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[340.0]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"1","type":"text"}]}]}]},{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[340.0]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"NozzlePRO Integration Features","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"#Section2"}}]}]},{"type":"bulletList","content":[{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Introducing NozzlePRO Vessel Link","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"NozzlePRO Integrations with DesignCalcs & Finglow ","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Key Uses/Attributes of Vessel Link","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"New Documentation Format","type":"text"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[340.0]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"2","type":"text"}]}]}]},{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[340.0]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"ASME Section VIII, Div 2 Part 5 Compliance Features","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"#Section3"}}]}]},{"type":"bulletList","content":[{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Tools to Evaluate Stress States","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Shell Verifications and Structural Stress Calculation","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"ASME Data Panel","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Stress Classifications Guidelines with the New Criticality Evaluator","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Model Verification","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Ke – Strain Concentration Factor","type":"text"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[340.0]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"3","type":"text"}]}]}]},{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[340.0]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Allowable Nozzle Loads","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"#Section4"}}]}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[340.0]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"4","type":"text"}]}]}]},{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[340.0]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Updating Buckling Guidelines for Nozzles, Branches, and Pipe Shoes","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"#Section5"}}]}]},{"type":"bulletList","content":[{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Ability to Compute Hoop Direction Compressive Loads in Head Knuckles","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Loading on Pipe Shoes and Saddles","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Plotting the Minimum Principle Membrane Stress (113 or 115)","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Changing Load Magnitudes","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Buckling Mode Model Perturbation","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Buckling Analysis for Shell Geometries","type":"text"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[340.0]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"5","type":"text"}]}]}]},{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[340.0]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"PCL Gold SSI Updates ","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"#Section6"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Cumulative Damage – TES Calculations","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[340.0]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"6","type":"text"}]}]}]},{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[340.0]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Improvements to Modeling Welds","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"#Section7"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Fillet Overreach Model Construction Guidelines and Elements","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[340.0]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"7","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph"}]}]},{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[340.0]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Reinforcing Pad Features","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"#Section8"}}]},{"text":" ","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]}]},{"type":"bulletList","content":[{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Pad UI and Template Features","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Region File Breakdown and Definitions","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Pad Modifications","type":"text"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[340.0]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"8","type":"text"}]}]}]},{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[340.0]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Drawing Tool Feature Updates","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"#Section9"}}]}]},{"type":"bulletList","content":[{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Drawing Tools Useful Commands","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"File Handling","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Perturbation","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Printing/Lists","type":"text"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[340.0]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"9","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph"}]}]},{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[340.0]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Stability Processor Note Updates","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"#Section10"}}]}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[340.0]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"10","type":"text"}]}]}]},{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[340.0]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Phased Harmonic Loads","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"#Section11"}}]}]},{"type":"bulletList","content":[{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Option #52 - Add Density to the Model","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Option #53 - Modify the Solutions Options File (.SOP)","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Option #53 - Integrate the Solution Options File (.SOP)","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Variation of Damping Ratio","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Acoustic Induced Vibration (AIV) Update","type":"text"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[340.0]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"11","type":"text"}]}]}]},{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[340.0]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Nonlinear Elastic Plastic Solver Features","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"#Section12"}}]}]},{"type":"bulletList","content":[{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Beam and Shell Models","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Advanced Nonlinear Features","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Additional MITCH Features","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Physical Features of Reversed Plasticity","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Buckling Mode Model Perturbation","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Nonlinear Analysis Notes","type":"text"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[340.0]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"12","type":"text"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"content":[{"type":"inlineExtension","attrs":{"extensionType":"com.atlassian.confluence.macro.core","extensionKey":"anchor","parameters":{"macroParams":{"":{"value":"Section1"},"legacyAnchorId":{"value":"PVPTDesignSuiteJune2022FullReleaseNotes-Section1"}},"macroMetadata":{"macroId":{"value":"ec28555cb0e7ebebc3fea29bd3b9a566"},"schemaVersion":{"value":"1"},"title":"Anchor"}},"localId":"1ad03dbb-4237-470b-8f90-e9fde4531c6a"}},{"text":"Section 1 – General Features","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"PRG Integration with CEI","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"PRG is now acquired by and integrated with CEI and their suite of pressure vessel design and welding software solutions. DesignCalcs and Finglow customers can now enjoy native PRG integrations to their pressure vessel designs so they can access advanced features of the software without extensive FEA knowledge or training. ","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"PRG User Documentation","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"New format conglomerated PRG “Help” documentation is now available.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":60.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":429,"id":"ecc793bd-e8ca-4ca0-8f37-951a0db03f8b","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":307}}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"UI Changes and Entitlement Improvements","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":45.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":313,"id":"8476b614-9c1d-4741-a121-c4d4038cec8a","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":325}}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"The ASME degree of conservatism is now available from any PRG program and helps to evaluate system risk while allowing the user to adjust calculation conservative classifications from anywhere in the program.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"The above data panel can be opened from FEPipe and NozzlePRO.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"The user can complete the following actions:","type":"text"}]},{"type":"bulletList","content":[{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Compute a criticality factor for the condition, operation, dimensions, and content of the system under study. If the factor is above 15 then there are multiple items acting that suggest some greater conservatism might be warranted.","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"If the user wishes to use additional conservatism, then the following settings should be selected:","type":"text"}]}]}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":50.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":389,"id":"fc1af274-0ac8-40db-b922-6c0b318b7f04","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":174}}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Changing the above settings will potentially increase the calculated stress when any fillets in the model are larger than the attached pipe or plate thicknesses. It may also reduce the allowable stress by up to about two times. The actual adjustments cannot be predicted because any change depends on the distribution of the membrane and bending stress in the geometry.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Fig. Simultaneous Loads Thru the Run and Branch ","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"em"}]}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":55.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":391,"id":"d8c6fc7f-bc4b-4b88-abff-4ea37801eb2b","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":231}}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Analyzing simultaneous loads is now a functionality in NozzlePRO Vessel Link and NozzlePRO. Vessel Link now calculates the load at the appropriate elevation in the beam model of the vessel.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Thru run loads tend to affect the nozzle allowable loads and code satisfaction when the orientation of the loads is such that loads at the nozzle in the shell are close to general allowables. When there are attached pipes on one significant side of the vessel introducing torsion and/or shear, increases in stresses due to nozzle loads can be more significant.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Note: When computing allowable loads in the nozzle the “use run loads” switch can be turned off and on. When the use run loads switch is on the nozzle, allowable loads should be influenced by simultaneously applied run loads. The user should recognize that the combination of the allowable loads represents an infinite five dimensional space (ax, in, out, tor, pre). When the run loads are added this, in theory, becomes a ten dimensional space. The computation approximates various points in this space. When first using this feature, the user is encouraged to verify the particular predicted combinations of branches and run loads. ","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"em"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Load Calculations","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"underline"}]}]},{"type":"table","attrs":{"layout":"default","width":760.0,"localId":"83ddade1-a802-4be2-967a-1017dea87ed2"},"content":[{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[340.0]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Fig 1 NozzlePRO Branch and Run Load Spreadsheet ","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"em"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":45.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":330,"id":"d2143090-ceac-4dd2-8c31-a3612badc93d","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":69}}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[340.0]},"content":[{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":35.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":253,"id":"2046275e-9379-44fe-852c-6af3b87aba8d","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":202}}]}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Stress Classification ","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"underline"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"The classification of loads and stresses can result in a doubling of allowable stresses (see schematic below). The user must make sure that associated assumptions are conservative. These switches are now available from the ASME data panel. ","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Allowables can vary by up to two times. It is important for the user to classify the stress appropriately. The chart below shows this.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":35.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":249,"id":"5a23577f-c114-40f4-9316-398b6f2f3af0","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":231}}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Stress Calculations","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"underline"}]}]},{"type":"table","attrs":{"layout":"default","width":760.0,"localId":"29d60c07-4164-4a82-8bd1-568d03e8dd63"},"content":[{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"alignment","attrs":{"align":"center"}}],"content":[{"text":"B31.3","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"alignment","attrs":{"align":"center"}}],"content":[{"text":"VIII-2","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph"}]}]},{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":30.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":210,"id":"e44c2e80-0d0a-44ba-b8bd-3fc56f1e25a4","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":42}}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"alignment","attrs":{"align":"center"}}],"content":[{"text":"= (1.25 x 20 + 0.25 x 20)","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"alignment","attrs":{"align":"center"}}],"content":[{"text":"= 30","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":15.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":128,"id":"b646b8ad-b622-423c-906c-53f393f04398","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":50}}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"alignment","attrs":{"align":"center"}}],"content":[{"text":"S","type":"text"},{"text":"PL","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"subsup","attrs":{"type":"sub"}}]},{"text":" = Max ( 1.5S, S","type":"text"},{"text":"y","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"subsup","attrs":{"type":"sub"}}]},{"text":")","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"alignment","attrs":{"align":"center"}}],"content":[{"text":"Local M+B < 30","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"alignment","attrs":{"align":"center"}}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":15.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":110,"id":"41442487-6c79-41ce-8bcc-dc6d183c192b","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":24}}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"alignment","attrs":{"align":"center"}}]}]}]},{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":30.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":214,"id":"b73a37f0-60d2-418d-92bc-48938d73bfe8","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":35}}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"alignment","attrs":{"align":"center"}}],"content":[{"text":"If S","type":"text"},{"text":"L","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"subsup","attrs":{"type":"sub"}}]},{"text":" = 0","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"alignment","attrs":{"align":"center"}}],"content":[{"text":"= 1.25 ( 20 + 20 ) – 0","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"alignment","attrs":{"align":"center"}}],"content":[{"text":"= 50","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":15.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":111,"id":"f1514979-4194-49bc-9547-2324031cbb0d","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":45}}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"alignment","attrs":{"align":"center"}}],"content":[{"text":"S","type":"text"},{"text":"PL","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"subsup","attrs":{"type":"sub"}}]},{"text":" = Max (1.5S, S","type":"text"},{"text":"y","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"subsup","attrs":{"type":"sub"}}]},{"text":")","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"alignment","attrs":{"align":"center"}}],"content":[{"text":"S","type":"text"},{"text":"PS","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"subsup","attrs":{"type":"sub"}}]},{"text":" = Max(3.0S, 2S","type":"text"},{"text":"y","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"subsup","attrs":{"type":"sub"}}]},{"text":")","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"alignment","attrs":{"align":"center"}}],"content":[{"text":"Local M < 30","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"alignment","attrs":{"align":"center"}}],"content":[{"text":"Local M+B < 60","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"alignment","attrs":{"align":"center"}}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"alignment","attrs":{"align":"center"}}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":10.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":65,"id":"59999848-b3cd-4823-aaad-b0a0f666a311","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":26}}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"alignment","attrs":{"align":"center"}}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"alignment","attrs":{"align":"center"}}]}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"The Degree of Conservatism","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"underline"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"This panel is intended to crudely identify potentially high-risk systems, where high risk is a combination of the probability of failure and consequences of failure. Consequences (pressure and contents) have an approximately +20 rating, while the probability of failure has an approximately +10 rating. This panel only provides a crude “rule of thumb” and can be used with the piping criticality calculator. If the user is unsure about how to classify allowables or stresses please contact PRG for a PS engagement. Nonlinear analysis can also be used to resolve elastic classification issues.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":35.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":244,"id":"da567da5-2ee9-4c4f-94fc-f8d6f956b2e8","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":136}}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"content":[{"type":"inlineExtension","attrs":{"extensionType":"com.atlassian.confluence.macro.core","extensionKey":"anchor","parameters":{"macroParams":{"":{"value":"Section2"},"legacyAnchorId":{"value":"PVPTDesignSuiteJune2022FullReleaseNotes-Section2"}},"macroMetadata":{"macroId":{"value":"a38a47a4f4ff1b1a57324cab61cf36b5"},"schemaVersion":{"value":"1"},"title":"Anchor"}},"localId":"3652e704-6efa-4fc4-860a-2015b1df5fde"}},{"text":"Section 2 – NozzlePRO Integration Features ","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":50.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":349,"id":"048400cd-3149-44d1-bfaf-d8df990272c6","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":246}}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":40.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":278,"id":"15eebc79-7db5-410b-9d72-eef023a5bd2b","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":250}}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":35.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":251,"id":"f7e1de66-0f2f-4cb9-b800-04ab8045eb1c","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":194}}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" ","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":35.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":265,"id":"c395de1d-969e-494e-b388-282a5bbafb6a","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":192}}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Introducing NozzlePRO Vessel Link","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Vessel Link imports vessel models by XML & JSON files.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"The Vessel Link will construct beam models of the vessels and FEA models of a given nozzle or lug on the vessel. Loads in the XML/JSON will be imported along with pressures and material properties.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"The models will run through NozzlePRO and produce ASME VIII-2 results. The beam models include liquid levels, fluid sloshing, and all nozzle flexibilities. The models can be transported to Pipe Stress products such as PCLGold as well. ","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"The Vessel Link beam models can also be run by NozzlePRO using 6 or 18dof beam elements. The 18dof beam models are important when natural frequencies should include breathing and shell modes. This would be important when someone is looking for potential modes that could be excited by a given compressor harmonic.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"NozzlePRO Integrations with DesignCalcs and Finglow","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"DesignCalcs and Finglow customers can now enjoy native PRG integrations to their pressure vessel designs so they can access advanced features of the software without extensive FEA knowledge or training.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Key Uses/Attributes of Vessel Link","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"The following attributes are now available in the Vessel Link:","type":"text"}]},{"type":"bulletList","content":[{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Reads in pressures, loads, material, and geometry for nozzles and lugs/clips for pressure vessels and creates local FEA models and global 6/18 DOF beam model with sloshing and nozzle flexibilities.","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Local finite element models using NozzlePRO can be built for a given component.","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"An ASME-styled report with comparisons to allowables is generated for the selected component.","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"The engineer should visually inspect models to be sure anomalies do not exist. NozzlePRO has been used for countless models over decades but a cursory review of the input mesh and the output stresses and displacements is always recommended.","type":"text"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Each individual model can be further analyzed using NozzlePRO or the Drawing Tools (DT) and the beam model can be manipulated in Vessel Link and analyzed. The Vessel Link is a beam model that can be in Pipe Stress Programs such as PCLGold. It allows for the following functions:","type":"text"}]},{"type":"bulletList","content":[{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Allows the user to run one vessel nozzle.","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Allows the user to run one clip/lug","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Output is included separately or in a single file","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"ASME VIII-2 Part 5 Output","type":"text"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Note: The Vessel Link does not import nozzles on other nozzles. This generally small connection can be analyzed separately in NozzlePRO.","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"em"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"New Documentation Format","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"All PRG documentation is available from a single source. This documentation is searchable such that the user can more easily access descriptions of features and engineering methods and recommendations.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"content":[{"type":"inlineExtension","attrs":{"extensionType":"com.atlassian.confluence.macro.core","extensionKey":"anchor","parameters":{"macroParams":{"":{"value":"Section3"},"legacyAnchorId":{"value":"PVPTDesignSuiteJune2022FullReleaseNotes-Section3"}},"macroMetadata":{"macroId":{"value":"8439f6043ce0c0c2b6fd3e5ffe6fa6f9"},"schemaVersion":{"value":"1"},"title":"Anchor"}},"localId":"26d2ecc5-8069-40ed-bb89-374cbc43bd12"}},{"text":"Section 3 –","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]},{"text":" ","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}},{"type":"strong"}]},{"text":"ASME Section VIII, Div 2 Part 5 Compliance Features ","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Tools to Evaluate Stress States","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"The user is responsible for verifying/checking any or all calculations. As the need for checking, verification and report writing increases, parameters that control code compliance assumptions and their automated documentation helps to expedite this process. These parameters are printed in the Code Notes and should be checked by the user.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Where compressive stresses and high D/T (low pressure) vessels or pipes are present, there are a variety of new tools that are now available to help the user evaluate these stress states. The following tools are now available:","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Option 55","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"underline"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Located in the drawing tools. This option allows the user to plot averaged (if requested) or not averaged (worst case) minimum principle membrane stress. When negative this compressive stress helps to evaluate the tendency for a geometry to become unstable and transfer high membrane energy associated with high loads and small displacements to bending energy associated with low loads and high displacements (dimples or undulations in pipe or pressure vessels). Option 55 can be compared to stresses on the order of 0.15 E t/R.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Note: Instability limits can be a function of the modulus of elasticity and t/R instead of the yield stress.","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"em"}]},{"text":" ","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"For smaller D/T geometries plastic collapse and elastic-plastic (combined) failures can occur. These guidelines are mainly used for large D/T pipes and vessels. For pipe, the D/T limit is perhaps 80, while for pressure vessels the (rough) rule of thumb limit can be taken as around 350. ASME VIII-2 Part 4 gives guidance for specific load combinations on cylinders. A calculator for this is available from the PCLGold main screen and some discussion is found in the Stability calculator.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Compressive Elastic Stress Report","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"underline"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"The compressive elastic stress report is not a code report but is provided to give the user guidelines for evaluating membrane elastic compressive states. When the Compressive Stress summary shows a large number of compressive stresses in a region, the user should evaluate the model further for buckling. This can include running and checking the stability calculator and plotting minimal principle stresses for load cases of interest.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Compressive Stress Summary of a Longitudinal Plate Region","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"underline"}]}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":50.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":360,"id":"e448fd43-7c27-45c0-847e-8b49c57b9a34","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":225}}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Shell Verifications and Structural Stress Calculation","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"“Mesh insensitive” structural stress calculations using the drawing tools can be used to verify membrane, bending, and equivalent stress calculations that are independent of stress singularities because the calculations are made from element forces. The ","type":"text"},{"text":"curves:miscellaneous options for Option 14","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]},{"text":" are now available to help verify the shell types. Option 17 is usually executed first to help the user create a curve over typical pipe or beam cross sections.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Important: The structural stress calculation functionalities in FEPipe and NozzlePRO now determines the entire curves cross section properties to verify the net loads on the cross section like beam bending, membrane, and shear to name a few.","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"},{"type":"em"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"ASME Structural Stress Calculation","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"underline"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"ASME structural stress calculation shells can be described in Table 5A.8, and these calculations are prepared in the form as described in Table 5A.8 along curves. For more instructions on how to perform the calculations and example output, see Drawing Tools Miscellaneous Curve Help.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"For non-joining curves in single shells, the ASME equations must be adjusted to produce curve end stresses. Both recommended methods are included in the output report that is available. These end curve stresses can be used to confirm the stress at the end singularities of clips and lugs. This is a case where deviations from the ASME calculations shown in Table 5-A.8 are needed. Welding Research Bulletins provide theoretical support for the methods.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"ASME Data Panel","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":55.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":380,"id":"2de1f0ee-0763-4986-bb35-54659748f23f","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":271}}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"The bottom half of the Degree of Conservatism panel contains what is considered the most important code classification determinations. These selections appear in the Stress Notes section of every shell model and can have an up to ","type":"text"},{"text":"two times effect on the calculated allowable stress","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]},{"text":".","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Fig. Degree of Conservatism Panel","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"em"}]}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":55.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":382,"id":"bc0805d4-6150-48ee-8c8b-4375ed0e6a33","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":171}}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Stress Calculations Guidelines with the New Criticality Evaluator","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"If membrane stresses are large and bending stresses are small, or l is small, then the characterization of the bending stress tends not to be so important, which includes the bending stress has a small influence on the acceptability of the pressure design. If the bending stresses are large and l is large, then including the bending stress can have a large influence on the acceptability of the pressure design. ","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"ASME “by rule” pressure designs are intended to provide a suitable separation between the design pressure and the failure pressure. If the “suitable separation can be defined” and a test can be performed, then the acceptability of the nozzle can always be determined.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Allowing bending stresses due to pressure to be classified as secondary stresses will generally permit some small, local areas of plastic deformation surrounded by elastic stress zones. One-half to 75% of the twice elastic slope load (due to pressure) can be thought to define a separation between some permanent plastic deformation and linear returns to the original displaced shape. Varieties of elastic plastic calculations can be performed to evaluate this stress condition.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Generally, the M+B stresses control the fatigue life of a geometry. If t >> M+B then shallower sloped S-N curves may apply.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Analyzing operating (thermal) loads on nozzles as primary is addressed in VIII-2 Sect. 5.6 and is intended to apply to protect nozzles in pressure vessels at the boundary (high moment connection) in a piping system. ","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Important: For vertical vessels that are highly stressed, with large D/T and/or are controlled by vacuum, the loads in the shell from sources other than pressure are often not included in the nozzle analysis and so allowable nozzle loads should be smaller as a result. This is an engineering judgment determination that should be made by the owner/designer.","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"},{"type":"em"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Fig. General Concerns by Selection Category","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"em"}]}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":55.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":371,"id":"94e82c94-cc5c-41fd-9280-b8570a129091","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":162}}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Model Verification","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"FEPipe and NozzlePRO continue to add the capability to help the user evaluate stress and load predictions to ensure that the model solution is appropriately accurate and to help the user produce reports demonstrating validation of the model and predictions. Further functionality to aid in model verification includes the following features:","type":"text"}]},{"type":"bulletList","content":[{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Compressive Stress Report","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Stability Processor Report","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Elevation to Lower Bound Limit Load or Elastic-Plastic Model Review","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Elastic/Plastic Analysis","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Elastic-Eigenvalue Buckling","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Elastic-Plastic Buckling with Perturbation","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"A variety of model perturbation features in Drawing Tools.","type":"text"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"The common model refinement/sensitivity checks include the following functions:","type":"text"}]},{"type":"bulletList","content":[{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Comparison to other known manual solutions (pressure and the SCF in WRC 335 in Stability for example), ASME pressure design, etc.","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Mesh refinement check and element side lengths thru stress gradients compared to ROOT(RT).","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Mesh refinement and stress not increasing or decreasing +/- tolerance. Reduced integration shells do not converge monotonically and so as the mesh is refined the stress can get higher and lower about the mean.","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Comparing averaged and not averaged stresses (same mesh). Usually, this will be done when the mesh has already been checked for ROOT(RT) in critical areas.","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"When there are high compressive stresses look at Compressive stress output in FEPipe/NozzlePRO. For other software plot and review extents of minimum principle membrane stress.","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"The twice elastic slope (TES) is codified in Section III as the definition for collapse and was in VIII-2 Art. 6 before being removed in the 2007 rewrite. The TES test is one of the basic tests for the B31 SSI, along with lower bound limit estimates. For piping in B31 the TES test safety factor form the TES load is 0.5. This puts any primary (or secondary) load that reaches the TES load at a point where it will always return (theoretically) to its non-deformed state. Section VIII Div 2, Art 6 – 2006 used a limit of 75% of the TES load, which is closer to the straight pipe limit specified in the Sect. III B","type":"text"},{"text":"2","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"subsup","attrs":{"type":"sub"}}]},{"text":" indices. All other components appear to use 50% of the TES load. The TES load philosophy for piping can be considered as the service criteria in ASME VIII-2 5.2.4.3 (b). In the nonlinear (plastic) solver the user would ask to find the TES (M2) value for any given load case. For design loads, if the resulting load factor (LF) > 2, and the load deflection and load strain nonlinear curves are uniform without inflection points then it would be usual to consider that Service Limits are satisfied. This is the only theoretical check that B31 components verify for external loading for primary loads, assuming non-redundant systems.","type":"text"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Fig. TES-3","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"em"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":35.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":250,"id":"18a7bc73-fceb-4257-b652-2806a920cd03","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":148}}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Note: Usually the basic pressure design is performed by the DesignCalcs or Finglow Design By Rule (DBR) modules of the PVPT Design Suite. External loads and the vessel interaction with the environment around it is determined by FEA or similar methods. When the external loads are zero the FEA is performing the local pressure design of the component. This is generally not the intent and users should be very careful that all DBR concerns are considered by a competent pressure vessel design engineer utilizing Finglow or DesignCalcs modules of the PVPT Design Suite when using FEA for local stress analysis.","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"em"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Old design approaches using area replacement methods are effective, limited and in most cases conservative.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"The method used in VIII-2 Part 4 accounted for over-conservatisms and used a calculation of the membrane stress as a guide for the required nozzle thickness and reinforcement.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"The VIII-2 Part 4 method also made adjustments for large D/T and d/D branch connections via the vessel parameter l = (D/T)^0.5 (d/D). This adjustment was first observed in a test by Jacobsen, and then duplicated by Paulin in two large (D/T)^0.5 (d/D) geometries of laterals and cylinders designed, fabricated, and tested to support the updated VIII-2 Part 4 effort. An adjustment to the calculated membrane stress is included to recognize the transition of bending to membrane stress during plastic deformation of high l nozzles and the associated increase in pressure capacity and generally small displacements. The overall intention as it relates to code design was to be able to accurately predict pressure capacity as it relates to boundary failure. Pressure failures in large lambda vessels tended to be pin-hole leaks and benign, while failures in small lambda vessels (and pipe) tend to be fish-mouth failures. As thicknesses of vessels approach dimensions where triaxial stress states exist, failures can become fragmented, spreading metal fragments over often large distances when rupture occurs. ","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Ke – Strain Concentration Factor","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"The ASME Strain concentration factor is developed for a single load application but used for cyclic operations in high plasticity problems. In this problem, multiple cycles should be considered and cumulative damage considered for each cycle until the strain range becomes uniform for each subsequent cycle. The Ke calculation is a simplification of a very complex problem. The maximum strain switches from place to place as reversed load applies and plastic deformation occurs.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"PRG’s experience is that estimates of Ke using the approach described below for multiple cycles will conservatively predict fatigue damage. Very low cycle fatigue damage, especially where bending is across a full cross section can result in considerable plastic deformation, thinning, and geometry change as part of the cycle life. Using elastic predictions for these complex problems is difficult. Users should take additional care when life prediction is less than 250 cycles. The updated Ke is scaled by the displacements since incremental straining can influence the displacements, which should be used to correct the strain prediction.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Fig. Ke Predictions","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"em"}]}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"wrap-left","width":25.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":173,"id":"f4bb0e0e-51d9-4318-a0cf-a7a095983171","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":77}}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":50.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":342,"id":"311b8e06-5d87-4f7f-b463-794b23a53952","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":227}}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"content":[{"type":"inlineExtension","attrs":{"extensionType":"com.atlassian.confluence.macro.core","extensionKey":"anchor","parameters":{"macroParams":{"":{"value":"Section4"},"legacyAnchorId":{"value":"PVPTDesignSuiteJune2022FullReleaseNotes-Section4"}},"macroMetadata":{"macroId":{"value":"10fc36cd22fb8fc53d11ede7f5af1c0c"},"schemaVersion":{"value":"1"},"title":"Anchor"}},"localId":"b23fc502-272e-4df3-9282-f479a003bfb0"}},{"text":"Section 4 - Allowable Nozzle Loads ","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"The Allowable Nozzle Loads feature now runs automatically when vertical vessels are brought into NozzlePRO Vessel Link from some sources. This feature is now included in Pad, Unreinforced, and Hillside FEPipe models. ","type":"text"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"content":[{"type":"inlineExtension","attrs":{"extensionType":"com.atlassian.confluence.macro.core","extensionKey":"anchor","parameters":{"macroParams":{"":{"value":"Section5"},"legacyAnchorId":{"value":"PVPTDesignSuiteJune2022FullReleaseNotes-Section5"}},"macroMetadata":{"macroId":{"value":"10ad1d6dd0a804464fceff7a472ebeb0"},"schemaVersion":{"value":"1"},"title":"Anchor"}},"localId":"44a0049c-6eca-41be-b9e9-4c8c0b3832cf"}},{"text":"Section 5 - Updating Buckling Guidelines for Nozzles, Branches, and Pipe Shoes ","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"To get accurate estimates of local buckling modes, there should be several element edge lengths within 3 (RT)","type":"text"},{"text":"0.5","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"subsup","attrs":{"type":"sup"}}]},{"text":" in the high cycle zone as a guideline. For the circumferential head buckling shown in the Figure below, the element edge lengths should be about this size in the circumferential direction. Generally, for FEPIPE and NozzlePRO models, there will be a discontinuity in these areas that will generate small elements but to evaluate buckling tendencies in zones where there are no discontinuities modeled the user must place the elements manually.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Either distribute a large number of elements over the entire shape or using mesh control in FEPipe – place a small enough number of elements in the compressive stressed zone. In this case some perturbation in this area or 2% wall thickness change (that can be easily entered in the drawing tools) will help evaluate the tendency to buckle in these areas. ","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Ability to Compute Hoop Direction Compressive Loads in Head Knuckles","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Compressive stresses can be evaluated in any shell geometry. Access to nonlinear analysis may include an elastic-plastic model of the geometry, large rotation, large strain, and arc-length control of load stepping (for snap thru behavior). The user must be aware that in “buckled” areas element lengths should be less than (RT)","type":"text"},{"text":"0.5","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"subsup","attrs":{"type":"sup"}}]},{"text":". ","type":"text"}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":40.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":273,"id":"a86ad7e6-4f9f-4f5a-9ddd-e05fe2e83ce4","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":216}}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":30.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":216,"id":"2f1387e8-50d2-4f91-9f77-05c83297bd77","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":216}}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Fig. Load Failure in a Fatigue Test (R= -1)","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"em"}]}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"wrap-left","width":55.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":376,"id":"876cd7f4-ef58-490d-bdf6-3380ce3c9394","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":200}}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" \t\t\t","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"In the image above, cracks occurred internally as the test progressed without distortion. At around the 90","type":"text"},{"text":"th","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"subsup","attrs":{"type":"sup"}}]},{"text":" cycle, the small inside cracks increased in size, a large plastic buckled zone occurred and a subsequent thru-wall crack appeared through about 100 deg of circumference in a single cycle. The bottom failure is controlled by Sy, S, and N. The above failure of the vessel head is controlled by S, t/R, and E.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"When “things are thin” the mechanism of transferring membrane to bending can result in large change in geometry and load redistribution. When things are “thick” the transfer is slow and load redistributes uniformly. Plasticity starts with bending and is transferred to the membrane. Collapse starts with the membrane and is transferred to bending. This is why the membrane verses bending stresses and their magnitudes are important. ","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Where buckling modes are used to perturb a geometry that contains discontinuities such as nozzles or clips and lugs, the user should be sure that multiple modes should be used as part of the perturbed shape so that the weakest perturbed geometry is found. The different perturbation patterns will result in different alterations of the maximum collapse capacity, but at some point, service limits may still need to be used. Different loads require different perturbations.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"VIII-2 Part 4 Sect. 4.4 – Design of Shells Under External Pressure and Allowable Compressive Stresses","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"underline"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Stability Processor Considerations:","type":"text"}]},{"type":"bulletList","content":[{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Torsional loads are not evaluated for thru vessel loads. The processor was set up for bending, shear, axial, and external pressure loads. There is an external load processor in PCLGOLD that includes all directional loads and torsion.","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Units for metric or SI are in a consistent set. Ensure to enter consistent units like mm, MPa, N., and in. psi and lb.","type":"text"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Loading on Pipe Shoes and Saddles","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Loading on pipe shoes is an easy problem to address using beam elements. Pipe weight, Fluid, wind, and seismic loads are evenly distributed along the pipe and result in a reasonable estimate of the primary load acting on the support. ","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Evaluating local loads for a finite element analysis can be more difficult; however, since boundary conditions may introduce loading distributions that do not reflect the actual local forces and moments, for example liquid loads in horizontal vessels or large D/T pipe, it can result in pressure variations along the line of line-of-load, which can bend the pipe over the supports. Wind loads act over the outside of the pipe on one side and can transfer loads to supports on opposite sides in an arch-like manner introducing a combination of bending and compressive stresses. These different local load effects are often simulated using only the resultant load acting on the support from the beam analysis without replicating the local load redistribution.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"When the local load distribution is attempted, the force on the support often tends to be different because of load redistribution in some cases because replicating all the distributed beam loads in a finite element model can be cumbersome.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Care must be exercised when uniform loads acting on a beam centerline are simulated in a finite element model. ","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Fig. Vertical Load Distribution Over Group of Supports","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"em"}]}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":70.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":501,"id":"2e49dfd6-31e8-406a-8713-8608f11315c6","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":97}}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Fig. Horizontal Load Distribution Over Group of Supports ","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"em"}]}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":75.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":521,"id":"f8cade37-1c81-4941-9b22-b93520f8103e","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":113}}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"The uniform loads produce varying shear and moment load distributions as shown when the supports are locally evaluated.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Fig. Shear and Moment Load Distribution Over Supports","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"em"}]}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":65.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":443,"id":"c1d7296e-3d6f-4e51-a394-e0fe19db0990","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":121}}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"A common approach when evaluating local loads is the following:","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Fig. Uniform Load to Model Simulation Approach","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"em"}]}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":70.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":502,"id":"29f113b4-4271-40e1-a81e-5ee228d03d5f","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":139}}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Perturb the Solution","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"underline"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"When perturbing the solution, consider the following calculations:","type":"text"}]},{"type":"table","attrs":{"layout":"default","width":760.0,"localId":"323821c8-8a43-4e23-b5c0-eb50d6ab028d"},"content":[{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Save the original element file","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Misc Curv Opt = 39 Param = 1 1","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Store m1e file in saved file #1","type":"text"}]}]}]},{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Perturb the geometry","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":2,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67,226.67]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"El Opt # 10 Param = ","type":"text"}]}]}]},{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph"}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph"}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph"}]}]},{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Show perturbed and original shape","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Misc Curv Opt = 39 Param = 3 1","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph"}]}]},{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Return original element file","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Misc Curv Opt = 39 Param = 2 1","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Fig. 39-Backup and Plot Perturbed Element Files","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"em"}]}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":70.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":496,"id":"6fd76e02-3d4e-44d7-9424-0d821cb62beb","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":353}}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Perturbing the Geometry Using Buckling Mode Shapes","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"underline"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"When perturbing the geometry using mode shapes, note the following considerations:","type":"text"}]},{"type":"table","attrs":{"layout":"default","width":760.0,"localId":"63876eaf-6614-4568-96e6-db7fa1f78096"},"content":[{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[340.0]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Ensure that the buckling load factors are present. ","type":"text"},{"text":"Note: In the table set below the “Buckling Analysis” file set is definitely shown.","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"em"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[340.0]},"content":[{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"wrap-left","width":45.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":305,"id":"79f49fd1-44c1-4336-924f-077e9eb1bcf3","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":345}}]}]}]},{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[340.0]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Save the original shape from the ","type":"text"},{"text":"CURVES ","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]},{"text":"tab.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":35.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":263,"id":"9c451f2d-75fb-4881-9419-bc1f19221708","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":42}}]},{"type":"paragraph"}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[340.0]},"content":[{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"wrap-left","width":40.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":281,"id":"f6d5eb98-d1aa-4c48-9d6d-2d612653e26a","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":66}}]}]}]},{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[340.0]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"The ","type":"text"},{"text":"ELEMENT","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]},{"text":" tab includes the Function button that permits eigenshapes to be mapped onto the geometry.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":35.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":260,"id":"f8804bc3-67a6-44d5-a0cb-05af06b51c48","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":49}}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[340.0]},"content":[{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":45.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":314,"id":"d09b974d-f01a-4f32-8acc-05637c2ff4bd","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":98}}]}]}]},{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[340.0]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Folders and results are shown.","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[340.0]},"content":[{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":45.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":327,"id":"29dbe58d-279b-4ed1-83af-76cf7c2fe3ac","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":342}}]}]}]},{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[340.0]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Compare the current permuted shape with the original shape.","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[340.0]},"content":[{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":35.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":254,"id":"80de44fc-2e6e-41db-b72a-b4b2f7d0c2f0","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":104}}]}]}]},{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[340.0]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"See the 1” permutation below: This is fairly small to see. Redo the permutation with 15% of the diameter as the radial displacement.","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[340.0]},"content":[{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":35.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":252,"id":"1ecfcdfb-7360-453d-8caf-7e60059f3dab","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":137}}]}]}]},{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[340.0]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Compare when 21 is set for the Parameters.","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[340.0]},"content":[{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":40.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":279,"id":"f8f3dded-2f9f-472e-a341-383e8cb71bab","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":63}}]}]}]},{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[340.0]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Compare the 15% permutation to the original model.","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[340.0]},"content":[{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":45.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":333,"id":"80e6ce16-ddd1-44b4-b4b2-78c4b4d4bd15","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":137}}]}]}]},{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[340.0]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Return the original geometry to the current geometry. ","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"This command copies the saved file over the current displaced (15%) file.","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[340.0]},"content":[{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":45.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":328,"id":"a5cad190-1226-45ea-b136-422defd31141","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":75}}]}]}]},{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[340.0]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Re-perturb to 1%. ","type":"text"},{"text":"Note: modes 1 thru 3 are combined to perturb the model. Only the first mode can be used if desired.","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"em"}]}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[340.0]},"content":[{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":45.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":314,"id":"088c9861-0e16-48b9-9f8c-d4ee94cae1bb","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":98}}]}]}]},{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[340.0]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"If it looks like the model did not return to its 1% shape, the ","type":"text"},{"text":"Model Refresh","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]},{"text":" button can always be clicked to update the display.","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[340.0]},"content":[{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":20.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":166,"id":"ede24405-d899-4299-b40b-2c456a7a4a56","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":62}}]}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Plotting the Minimum Principle Membrane Stress (113 or 115)","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"To plot the minimum membrane stress, enter the load case and 113 for the NOT averaged minimum membrane stress and 115 for the averaged minimum membrane stress. Changing the high compressive (negative) membrane stresses into bending stresses can result in local kinking or elastic buckles. The critical compressive stress must exist over an area dimensionally greater than the local elastic buckling mode size. ","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"The rule-of-thumb for the start of an instability stress is 0.2 x E x (t/R). The compressive load is along the meridonal or axial direction, or for heads - any direction. ","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"table","attrs":{"layout":"default","width":760.0,"localId":"3af2b64d-7681-4ea5-8793-ffbc6637959f"},"content":[{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":20.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":150,"id":"43da8c42-65da-4142-b007-f92cfd5ed658","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":204}}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"The actual shape perturbed 1% - too small to see.","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":20.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":143,"id":"fcf65b0b-e8f7-489c-bf4a-99a9ac2f1047","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":203}}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"The original shape perturbed to 15% to see that the perturbation is working.","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":25.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":185,"id":"46d00e24-56f3-428c-9b64-223089850fa3","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":200}}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"The 15% perturbed model shown with the unperturbed geometry. The largest displacement is inward, which is what’s desired. Generally, the greater inward displacement controls over a large outward displacement, but usually for pressure considerations.","type":"text"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"The user can perturb the geometry with the collapsed plastic mode with the following options:","type":"text"}]},{"type":"bulletList","content":[{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Option #10 – elastic buckling shape ( ","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Option #12 – elastic solution (,,) ","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Option #13 – plastic solution (,,)","type":"text"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Buckled Mode Sizes","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"underline"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Sketching tools can be used to identify locations. ","type":"text"}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":5.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":35,"id":"4047c923-b6e9-4961-bd09-13361f301922","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":28}}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Sketching on the model can be used by interacting with the Drawing Tools to layout local thinned areas and to note lengths of interest. The drawings on the vessel stay in place unless the user deletes the 3d model or clears the drawing space.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Fig. Buckling Mode Local Buckled Shape Sizes","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"em"}]}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":65.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":444,"id":"6082c7c0-adea-428d-b34f-e9e5fa1ced47","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":132}}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" ","type":"text"}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":20.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":139,"id":"ffca4dcd-4842-43d1-824f-0d6b0818962b","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":128}}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Fig. Measurement Points ","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"em"}]}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":45.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":326,"id":"cac3b93b-bef4-4007-a295-82a1f6eb1678","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":187}}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" ","type":"text"}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":40.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":272,"id":"a51b05f7-1a47-41fa-99e6-6cbcc971cd1b","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":193}}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Boundary Conditions on Tees (Using in Collective Models)","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"underline"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"The user cannot free both run ends of tee geometries from NozzlePRO or the welding tee template due to the resulting model instability. The drawing tools user can apply loads and boundary conditions as they wish and so there is a need to have boundaries at each end of the UFT, RFT, Hillside, or welding tee template. The user can do this by entering the FEPIPE editor ","type":"text"},{"text":"and making each run end free","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]},{"text":". In previous versions, this resulted in a logical fatal error and the user could not proceed. In later versions ,the user will only receive a warning message. ","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"For these templates, the user can also place a -1 node number in the branch node number field to have a spoked wheel surface (and pressure) applied to the branch end. This allows the user to add concentrated forces to the branch end via the drawing tools or the loading editor.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" ","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Changing Load Magnitudes","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"If the user has a lug load that he or she wants to increase by 6.885 times, the user can cycle in the nonlinear solver. The user can put a curve on the model where you want to increase the load","type":"text"},{"text":". Option 33","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]},{"text":" is used with the curve and the ","type":"text"},{"text":"MULT","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]},{"text":" command to increase the weight loads along curve 1.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Fig. Increasing Weight Loads","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"em"}]}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":70.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":505,"id":"0669af36-fb0d-4f15-9bad-6383618d9cd9","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":302}}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Algorithmic Bending Stress Classification","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"underline"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"When the algorithmic bending stress algorithm is checked, the stress evaluation algorithm will look at the compressive stress distribution in the region of the model described, and if a sufficiently large area has compressive stresses that exceed 0.55S","type":"text"},{"text":"y","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"subsup","attrs":{"type":"sub"}}]},{"text":" or 0.15Et/R where R is the local radius of the element, then the stresses for that load case will be classified as primary instead of secondary, using the smaller primary allowable stress. The evaluation used for each region is reported in the compressive stress report in the FEPipe or NozzlePRO output.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"wrap-left","width":35.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":252,"id":"811fd10f-a5e9-4334-868d-8906ccead989","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":44}}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}],"content":[{"text":" ","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"For a vessel subject only to weight and pressure, a compressive load report is shown below. Most of the stresses in the nodes around the nozzle are in compression. The minimum stress is the smallest principal stress. If the user wishes more information on the algorithmic bending stress classification – please contact PRG for a PS engagement. ","type":"text"}]},{"type":"table","attrs":{"layout":"default","width":760.0,"localId":"b8404f71-8120-406d-b113-953a1193aeb1"},"content":[{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[340.0]},"content":[{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":45.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":333,"id":"b1b08a34-56e3-4c77-b1b4-7bbde4d9ec06","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":267}}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[340.0]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":30.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":206,"id":"5bf33d7e-d7ea-4a14-b618-b349ee151ca3","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":256}}]}]}]},{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":2,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[340.0,340.0]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph"}]}]},{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":2,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[340.0,340.0]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Tensile Bending on Nozzle Side – Compressive General Bending on Side Opposite of Nozzle","type":"text"}]}]}]},{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[340.0]},"content":[{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":30.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":219,"id":"7f873882-31d1-445e-ae70-cb9cd19e7f58","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":162}}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[340.0]},"content":[{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":35.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":245,"id":"43c3a334-ab97-4380-b2de-a932307046e2","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":157}}]}]}]},{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":2,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[340.0,340.0]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph"}]}]},{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":2,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[340.0,340.0]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Tensile Bending Opposite Nozzle and Compressive General Bending on Nozzle Side","type":"text"}]}]}]},{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[340.0]},"content":[{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":35.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":249,"id":"af97fc0d-081d-48a6-93c2-1e838e92b0cc","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":173}}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[340.0]},"content":[{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":35.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":235,"id":"3ff3b92c-1d11-43a1-be0a-51f4473ce002","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":180}}]}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"The minimum principle stress can be plotted from the Drawing Tools and the curve miscellaneous options as seen in the figure below.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Fig. Plotting from the Drawing Tools","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"em"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" ","type":"text"}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":80.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":570,"id":"b544420d-1408-4b72-990f-e18b814cc81d","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":36}}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Buckling Mode Model Perturbation","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"To provide perturbation in the shell, the worst but reasonable case is to provide a perturbation on the compressive side of the loaded discontinuity and a thickness loss within the mechanical tolerance of the vessel also along the perturbation. It is believed that this will give an adequate lower bound. The first eigenvector buckling mode is being selected by the industry as a perturbation shape, but the user having a complex geometry, should evaluate the behavior closely. FEPipe and NozzlePRO make it easy to change the sign of the perturbed shapes, scale them to different values, and combine them with local thinning.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Local buckling areas for cylinders in compressive stress states appear in the sketch.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"\tFig. Sketch of Cylinders in Compressive Stress States","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"em"}]}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":55.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":392,"id":"53ea0de0-0817-417c-8d9f-22b144375c01","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":160}}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"VIII-2 Part 5 is also updating buckling guidelines and the reader is encouraged to review VIII-2 for the latest guidance.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Buckling Examples and Perturbation","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"underline"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Note: Various notes and examples on buckling and perturbation are included in various locations throughout this document. ","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"em"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"To save and then recover an original element file through the ELEMENT tab, consider the following process:","type":"text"}]},{"type":"table","attrs":{"layout":"default","width":760.0,"localId":"a8b95329-b995-4c08-83c0-e571e83d2313"},"content":[{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"1","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Get the geometry prepared and enter the drawing tools such that the geometry is ready to be perturbed.","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":50.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":370,"id":"306f3988-c7df-4b85-9258-519c0b5a73e8","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":175}}]}]}]},{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"2","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"To save the geometry, select the ","type":"text"},{"text":"ELEMENT","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]},{"text":" tab and click the ","type":"text"},{"text":"Element Function… ","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]},{"text":"button.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"2a. The ","type":"text"},{"text":"Miscellaneous Option on Selected Elements","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]},{"text":" dialog box is displayed. Enter 7 in the Option # box and 3 in the Parameter box.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"2b. Click ","type":"text"},{"text":"Execute","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]},{"text":".","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":10.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":94,"id":"2c8c2658-7046-494f-abb7-030b9c0b37c9","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":41}}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":15.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":127,"id":"5e998592-ed56-4a4b-8d77-a5d6812fa6c9","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":36}}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":15.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":128,"id":"f9df008e-e40a-4fba-b139-eda1297b1e96","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":62}}]}]}]},{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"3","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"After the element data is saved, the View Report message box appears. ","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":40.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":297,"id":"457979e0-c4ce-43da-a279-7ff4cfe3da3f","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":124}}]}]}]},{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"3","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Use the measurement tool and then the drawing tool to mark the parts of the geometry where the perturbation should be placed. Clip away the backside of the geometry.","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":25.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":189,"id":"e5b43e55-3db2-429a-b73b-46953a533452","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":129}}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":15.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":112,"id":"d26a1faf-13f6-4bad-b4eb-a22bee998667","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":142}}]}]}]},{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"4","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Use the select element tools.","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":25.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":192,"id":"85e46f5f-4c59-49da-b551-ee879b4870df","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":131}}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":5.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":59,"id":"f6065971-4a29-4d69-acdd-e3bcdabbe8af","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":52}}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":15.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":130,"id":"6e07bb5a-8618-495a-bf73-76c05348c1d8","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":48}}]}]}]},{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"5","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"To use the default parameters for the first perturbation, enter 14 in the Option # box.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"5a. Click ","type":"text"},{"text":"Execute","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]},{"text":". ","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":25.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":170,"id":"0a9fa350-925d-42f2-87fc-597d811d4fe7","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":92}}]}]}]},{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"6","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"When the user clicks ","type":"text"},{"text":"Execute","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]},{"text":", a small section of the model is displayed with the perturbation amplified and placed in the model. The actual 1% inward deflection of the geometry is shown in Step 7.","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":45.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":315,"id":"e21b5585-1ac9-4c85-80a6-eed88e31ea89","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":147}}]}]}]},{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"7","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"This is an image of an actual perturbation in the full-sized geometry.","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":35.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":249,"id":"75042f75-f219-47d3-9148-97b0fea04129","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":232}}]}]}]},{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"8","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"For a weight moment to determine the collapse multiplier, the options listed in the image to the right would be selected.","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":10.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":91,"id":"899b39ac-87c4-4487-8f55-ec7dcb5d8410","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":49}}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":35.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":262,"id":"0f2c346a-d460-4644-b0cc-6701a74f3f8f","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":35}}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":35.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":263,"id":"646456f6-72b5-48e2-aceb-ac18497fed48","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":23}}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":35.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":259,"id":"9b294bab-4449-4504-bf42-600a14aeb953","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":30}}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":10.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":92,"id":"824eb679-c512-402c-9afd-62ed11b1f92d","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":42}}]},{"type":"paragraph"}]}]},{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph"}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"The maximum load factor the perturbed cylinder reached was 0.056.","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":20.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":159,"id":"405f2d84-9cdf-41b8-b623-cbd8627de213","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":154}}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":25.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":198,"id":"e865b82c-6a27-48cc-b38d-2605093fa150","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":143}}]}]}]},{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph"}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Without the perturbation, the collapse occurred at 0.083. So, the perturbation resulted in a drop in capacity of 0.056/0.083 = 0.67. 32% for the straight cylinder. Without the perturbation, the cylinder collapsed at a load 32% greater and the deformation appeared at the boundary edge.","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":20.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":153,"id":"cde88765-f0b9-4fcb-90ba-bb7963fe0f32","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":151}}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":30.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":213,"id":"1efc3d60-752e-4532-9fbf-074fd10c4f25","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":142}}]}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"The process outlined is taken from “Cylindrical Shell Buckling: A Characterization of Localization and Periodicity”, G.W. Hunt, G.J. Lord, M.A. Pelletier.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Use function 7 option #3 to save the original element location. One reason to store the original model is that variations of displacements can be automatically calculated using function 8 and 9.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Remember to set the length of the edge to be at least equal to the square root of RT or the amount the edge is changing from starting of the perturbed shape to the ending of the perturbed shape. If Root(RT) = 2.5, then the length of the marked element zone should be at least equal to 5. Inches.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":45.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":318,"id":"558d4688-da03-49de-8a44-0ceb08019cf5","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":372}}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"wrap-left","width":45.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":328,"id":"e72ce942-b475-4fea-8397-0db444209520","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":75}}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"The load and unload workflow process is outlined in the following table:","type":"text"}]},{"type":"table","attrs":{"layout":"default","width":760.0,"localId":"3c09cb2d-db1a-4171-8f80-11b6ce80a5ce"},"content":[{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[680.0]},"content":[{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"wrap-left","width":65.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":466,"id":"c64696e7-7e17-4a8a-9463-022630c0c68a","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":168}}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"alignment","attrs":{"align":"center"}}],"content":[{"text":"DLF x Weight: Load and Unload (4” of plastic set and 8% strain)","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[680.0]},"content":[{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":55.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":402,"id":"ab6f48da-1f17-4ac2-89a9-eb6e1ccef302","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":188}}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"alignment","attrs":{"align":"center"}}],"content":[{"text":"If the load goes beyond the DLF x Weight load – will the nozzle collapse or strengthen? WHICH PATH WILL BE TAKEN?","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#ff0000"}},{"type":"strong"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[680.0]},"content":[{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"center","width":65.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":461,"id":"9913e201-508d-4a31-890d-3c265444a9ca","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":146}}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"alignment","attrs":{"align":"center"}}],"content":[{"text":"Load Extended to Collapse – Geometry Follows Strengthening Path","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"alignment","attrs":{"align":"center"}}],"content":[{"text":"Analytical Details are in the Tabular Results (panel below)","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]}]}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"table","attrs":{"layout":"default","width":760.0,"localId":"55f7e445-fd50-4191-8c9d-4d016b21c76f"},"content":[{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[680.0]},"content":[{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"center","width":65.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":461,"id":"530181c4-7c27-4e15-90ef-ef74cc3e1f49","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":146}}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"alignment","attrs":{"align":"center"}}],"content":[{"text":"Load Extended to Collapse – Geometry Follows Strengthening Path","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"alignment","attrs":{"align":"center"}}],"content":[{"text":"Analytical Details are in the Tabular Results (panel below)","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[680.0]},"content":[{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"center","width":50.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":361,"id":"35d0a32f-2990-4b5e-a9cf-e4f0ae039e67","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":165}}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"alignment","attrs":{"align":"center"}}],"content":[{"text":"Load Extended to Collapse – Tabular Results","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"alignment","attrs":{"align":"center"}}],"content":[{"text":"ep/eL=1 at 2.8 times DLFxWeight (starting to neck)","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"alignment","attrs":{"align":"center"}}],"content":[{"text":"maximum strain at this step = 22%","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"alignment","attrs":{"align":"center"}}],"content":[{"text":"maximum rotation = 25 deg.","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"alignment","attrs":{"align":"center"}}],"content":[{"text":"The geometry is not unstable, but 2.8 times DLF x Weight will result in plastic deformation.","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[680.0]},"content":[{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":40.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":277,"id":"fa707026-adce-49df-8673-4c42cdd99a0f","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":48}}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" ","type":"text"}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":15.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":120,"id":"224d3fcb-61ca-4f48-a527-563294bece48","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":108}}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Turning on Force Follower – if one side begins to plastically deform, and the shell rotates the load will follow the bending of the nozzle.","type":"text"}]}]}]},{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[680.0]},"content":[{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":60.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":424,"id":"21588348-79ce-4066-a5a2-2779740104ac","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":135}}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"When the load follwer is used the solution rotates faster but the solution still adequately stiffens and does not show any tendency to collapse or buckle and loose load carrying capacity.","type":"text"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Buckling Analysis for Shell Geometries","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Realistic buckling loads in heads, cylinders, and geometries with nozzles and lugs can be analyzed using large rotation, large strain, and elastic-plastic analysis with perturbation. ","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Fig. Realistic Buckling Guidelines for Different Types of Geometries and Loadings","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"em"}]}]},{"type":"table","attrs":{"layout":"default","width":760.0,"localId":"6f85d1d9-6557-4049-8779-2e85d8516eb8"},"content":[{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[170.0]},"content":[{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":20.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":156,"id":"84159c58-71b8-476a-a412-fcdb1d314efa","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":224}}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[170.0]},"content":[{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":15.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":111,"id":"a0cace8d-d9ab-4ef3-9d97-ddedfc094b42","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":226}}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[170.0]},"content":[{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":20.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":140,"id":"24034859-6dce-42c4-b3e1-2020421d12bd","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":102}}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":15.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":120,"id":"e1916e72-1652-4408-8dac-9d2c8a358525","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":131}}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[170.0]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":20.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":136,"id":"b123e3dc-1eca-4fa0-b39c-addd20f47c3d","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":213}}]}]}]},{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[170.0]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"alignment","attrs":{"align":"center"}}],"content":[{"text":"Local Cylinder Buckle","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[170.0]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"alignment","attrs":{"align":"center"}}],"content":[{"text":"Eigenshape used for perturbation","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[170.0]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"alignment","attrs":{"align":"center"}}],"content":[{"text":"To-scale buckled shapes of perturbed vessel","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[170.0]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"alignment","attrs":{"align":"center"}}],"content":[{"text":"Nozzle Local Buckling due to Load thru Shell","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]}]}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Several approaches may be used to create a perturbed geometry. Verification of the results should always be provided. Perturbation is discussed throughout this document.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Ensure that where high compressive stresses might exist that sufficient mesh gradients are present in that area to simulate the local buckle. In the short direction of the wrinkle, this is on the order of the ROOT( RT ). It is often not practical to place elements of this size over the entire geometry, so the user can reduce the thickness to the tolerance value and place elements in a uniform area in the smaller size to determine the buckling capacity. An example of this condition occurs in the knuckle area of a dished head where buckling wrinkles can occur in the meridonal direction. The long axis is in themeridonal direction and the short axis of the wrinkle is in the circumferential direction.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"content":[{"type":"inlineExtension","attrs":{"extensionType":"com.atlassian.confluence.macro.core","extensionKey":"anchor","parameters":{"macroParams":{"":{"value":"Section6"},"legacyAnchorId":{"value":"PVPTDesignSuiteJune2022FullReleaseNotes-Section6"}},"macroMetadata":{"macroId":{"value":"568044abb1206021b6d16d4e8754e9b9"},"schemaVersion":{"value":"1"},"title":"Anchor"}},"localId":"721fa63b-3854-4307-867a-3c3cae54fe2f"}},{"text":"Section 6 - PCLGold Sustained Stress Indexes (SSI) Updates ","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"SSIs are displayed along with SIFs in PCLGold output reports. NozzlePRO and FEBend can generate nonlinear SSI values for any D/T pipe and these are considered the most accurate SSIs available. The SSIs may be entered into PCLGold in the SIF data column.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"SSIs for beam-related models can be found at the top of the Pipe B31 Code Stress report. An example of this report is shown below:","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Fig. Example Pipe B31 Code Stress Report","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"em"}]}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":35.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":265,"id":"8303475d-8f86-466c-b925-d16a9e790157","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":92}}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" ","type":"text"}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":40.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":277,"id":"d26939e1-3f9e-4eab-881e-0de9043cde02","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":30}}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":60.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":416,"id":"54fb5188-04d7-4ccf-b7be-a88fcd613afd","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":367}}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Cumulative Damage – TES Calculations","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"For all load cases, when the TES load is exceeded, strains can be increased beyond elastically predicted limits. The TES load can be exceeded for operating and occasional cases when the actual displacements is more than 1.5 times the calculated displacements. Seismic loads are designed to be 2 to 2.5 times the displacements predicted by elastic stresses, and operating loads can be up to 1.5 times the TES load and still satisfy the B31 allowables.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"(SSI)(M/Z) = 1.33Sh, the actual displacement/stress is 2 to 2.5 (Cd) times more than the given stress, so that actual maximum allowable will be 2 x 1.33 to 2.5 x 1.33 = 2.66Sh to 3.325 Sh. For operating stresses, the maximum can be the following calculation (SIF)(M/Z) = 2Sy. The ratio between the thermal or operating moment and the TES moment is: Mo = 2SyZ/(SIF), and Mc=(1.33Sy)Z/SSI, so Mo/Mc, the maximum operating moment divided by the TES moment = 2SyZ(SSI)/[(SIF)(1.33Sy)Z] = (2SSI)/(1.33SIF) = 1.5 x SSI / SIF. The cumulative damage processor will read in pipe stress programs data, such as PCLGold and perform cumulative damage and TES evaluations for piping systems where fatigue or large occasional loads can exist.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"content":[{"type":"inlineExtension","attrs":{"extensionType":"com.atlassian.confluence.macro.core","extensionKey":"anchor","parameters":{"macroParams":{"":{"value":"Section7"},"legacyAnchorId":{"value":"PVPTDesignSuiteJune2022FullReleaseNotes-Section7"}},"macroMetadata":{"macroId":{"value":"7641f85230ce0a547ba1f5e00629cd49"},"schemaVersion":{"value":"1"},"title":"Anchor"}},"localId":"1c3a5922-569d-4409-b07f-0f1cd1d772e9"}},{"text":"Section 7 – Improvements to Modeling Welds","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Overreach Fillet Elements","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Overreaching fillet elements contains a thickness equal to the throat thickness of the weld are described in VIII-2 Part 5 and in BS 7608. The elements for any particular assembled branch and run (two plates welded at an angle) can include fillet models simulated with the overreach element.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Fig. Overreach Fillet Elements","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"em"}]}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":30.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":230,"id":"c3751c9d-0c2b-4e09-9174-20de74979a8f","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":215}}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":40.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":286,"id":"ee70480f-8b4f-4195-9ca9-6712a0b359b2","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":211}}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"The PRG weld elements are designed to replace the area and summed inertia of the weld intersection. This model has been shown to provide the most consistent penetration line rotational stiffness. When the fillet legs get large, the model type can become more important and may affect the solution by as much as 40% in certain parameter ranges where fillets are large with respect to the area of the connecting plates.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"A calculator is available for cylinder on cylinder intersections that gives the calculated area and section modulus for various model so that the areas and inertias can be compared. As d/D > 0.5, the shape of the intersection weld is controlled somewhat by the angle of cut and the fit up. At d/D = 1.0 there is a cat’s eye-opening variation of the fit up and a draw back from the centerline.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"These geometry attributes are seldom included in any finite element model. PVPT Fabrication Suite with ProWrite Welding Procedure and FabMan WeldERP “as-welded” data can assist in proper documentation and validation of weldments and integrate directly with the DesignCalcs and Finglow modules of the PVPT Design Suite.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"There are many ways to form the branch connection model of shells, including the ways in the figure below.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Fig. Forming Branch Connections ","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"em"}]}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":85.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":589,"id":"f5d96aa1-6d95-4be1-b3d5-0b84bce732f7","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":180}}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"In FEPipe and NozzlePRO, the user can build the overreach element shown above. The tapered element models are generated by default. There are two tapered models including:","type":"text"}]},{"type":"bulletList","content":[{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"standard – based on area, Ix inertia, and comparison with burst test results","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"2022 tapered - based on area and Ir results","type":"text"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"It is assumed that the area and Ir result comparisons will yield the most accurate models. The Ir value (inertia) can be compared for the model used to the Ir from the exact geometry. These ratios are shown below for the overreach element on the left (shown expanded below) and the 2022 element on the right. The 2022 element surface is flat and close to 1.0 as desired through the horizontal parameter range. The overreach element inertia is larger by more than 6 times when the t/T ratio is small and the fillet leg is larger.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Fig. Ratio","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"em"}]}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":40.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":282,"id":"c0dc5a1e-4f80-4496-85a3-d8889ad88538","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":184}}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":40.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":289,"id":"5bee866a-24b4-485d-9b3b-9b48dd5b1ad4","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":186}}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Note: For further configuration options, contact PRG. ","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"em"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"The Stability processor includes data for the overreach element showing how the thicknesses and inertias can be calculated and how they affect the overall properties. Notice that the calculations in the stability processor are for the case where the nozzle and vessel shell midsurfaces are normal to each other. This is not the case as a point on a nozzle in a cylinder moves from the longitudinal plane where it is normal to the circumferential plane where it is on the side of the cylinder","type":"text"},{"text":".","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"em"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"table","attrs":{"layout":"default","width":760.0,"localId":"154a4d04-5344-4611-b69a-8b385822bcdd"},"content":[{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[340.0]},"content":[{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":25.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":195,"id":"2f405206-0dc0-4311-b110-37cc854ef326","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":164}}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[340.0]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Area = a x b","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Cx = ( b cos(phi) + a sin(phi) )/2","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Cy = ( a cos(phi) + b sin(phi) ) / 2","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Moment of Inertia = (b a/12)( b","type":"text"},{"text":"2","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"subsup","attrs":{"type":"sup"}}]},{"text":" cos","type":"text"},{"text":"2","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"subsup","attrs":{"type":"sup"}}]},{"text":"(phi) + a","type":"text"},{"text":"2","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"subsup","attrs":{"type":"sup"}}]},{"text":" sin","type":"text"},{"text":"2","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"subsup","attrs":{"type":"sup"}}]},{"text":"(phi) )","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"An Options field is displayed where the user can enter parameters.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Fig. Options Field","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"em"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" ","type":"text"}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":65.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":439,"id":"43e01b37-a118-44c2-8a2b-9b9c0a3e8836","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":96}}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"A model can be selected that approaches the characteristics where the overreach model inertia is larger than the actual cross section inertia. In this case, one might expect the overreach model to be stiffer than the actual geometry. This can be true when the overreach stiffness is of the same order as the attached shell local moments of inertia. Note that t/T < 1 and Leg/T > 1.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Fig. Overreach Model","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"em"}]}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":85.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":604,"id":"30baa1aa-8f11-499c-9f04-c1673e838f9a","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":394}}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"This shell model results can easily be compared to brick model results using the functions in NozzlePRO.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Fig. NozzlePRO Brick Model Results Functionality","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"em"}]}]},{"type":"table","attrs":{"layout":"default","width":760.0,"localId":"95fe5be2-c8fe-4fe0-89f6-475c0ef92d32"},"content":[{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[340.0]},"content":[{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":40.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":270,"id":"b4fc84a8-0151-406e-9c25-d65ec931afbe","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":230}}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[340.0]},"content":[{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":45.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":332,"id":"54bc8733-6fae-47dd-9f50-dfcc3c64ebe0","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":214}}]}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"The comparison results for the stiffness are shown below in the table below as displayed in NozzlePRO.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Fig. Comparison Results","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"em"}]}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":45.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":307,"id":"a8cea92f-30dd-48e2-95db-03688ac2244b","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":116}}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"content":[{"type":"inlineExtension","attrs":{"extensionType":"com.atlassian.confluence.macro.core","extensionKey":"anchor","parameters":{"macroParams":{"":{"value":"Section8"},"legacyAnchorId":{"value":"PVPTDesignSuiteJune2022FullReleaseNotes-Section8"}},"macroMetadata":{"macroId":{"value":"3c2192d3392cfb6272010971bff4d137"},"schemaVersion":{"value":"1"},"title":"Anchor"}},"localId":"5e3bbb15-eb57-4b1a-abf6-5f0be55b4bf3"}},{"text":"Section 8 - Reinforcing Pad Features","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Pad UI and Template Features","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"The following new features are now available within the Pad functionality:","type":"text"}]},{"type":"bulletList","content":[{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Nonintegral Pad","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"½ pad calculation option","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Overreach preparation option","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Allowable loads a function of loads thru the run","type":"text"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":50.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":347,"id":"309f05d5-b076-4765-9d39-c3a283f4bde8","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":169}}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":75.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":531,"id":"49ef3ecc-80d9-485d-8079-6f8b3e386b28","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":152}}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" To prepare for overreach, the thickness of the fillet leg entering and leaving the penetration line must be equal to the shell and branch respectively. The overreach element must then be set to be equal to the thickness of the crotch.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Region File Breakdown and Definitions","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Users needing to find the exact region node distribution of the regions can consider the following procedure: ","type":"text"}]},{"type":"table","attrs":{"layout":"default","width":760.0,"localId":"226ff97c-c301-4628-829d-20f63c88db37"},"content":[{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[340.0]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" 7 , 1","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"'psi' 0.1000000E+01","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"'in.' 0.1000000E+01","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"'lb.' 0.1000000E+01","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"'lbm' 0.2590080E-02","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" 4","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" -3, 7","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" 0.9625000E+02,0.1250000E+00,0.2940000E+08,0.3000000E+00","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" 0., 1.","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" 0.0000000E+00,0.0000000E+00,0.0000000E+00","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" 0.0000000E+00, 0.0000000E+00, 0.1000000E+01","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" 0.7549790E-07, 0.1000000E+01, 0.0000000E+00","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}},{"type":"strong"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"'Pad/Header at Junction'","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" 0.2530000E+05","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" 0.2940000E+08","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" 7005218.","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" 0.1000000E+01","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" T","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" 0.7000000E+02 0.2230000E+05","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" 0.3340000E+05 0.6940001E-05 0.2940000E+08","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" T","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" 0.3750000E+00","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" 7","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" 0.0000000E+00","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" 0.0000000E+00","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"'Branch at Junction'","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" 0.2000000E+05","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" 1005526.","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" 0.1000000E+01","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" T","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" 0.7000000E+02 0.2000000E+05","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" 0.3080000E+05 0.6940001E-05 0.2950000E+08","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" T","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" 0.3750000E+00","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" 7","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" 0.0000000E+00","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" 0.0000000E+00","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"'Branch Transition'","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" 0.2000000E+05","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" 1005526.","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" 0.1000000E+01","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" T","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" 0.7000000E+02 0.2000000E+05","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" 0.3080000E+05 0.6940001E-05 0.2950000E+08","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" T","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" 0.3750000E+00","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" 7","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" 0.0000000E+00","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" 0.0000000E+00","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"'Pad Outer Edge Weld'","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" 0.2530000E+05","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" 7005218.","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" 0.1000000E+01","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" T","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" 0.7000000E+02 0.2230000E+05","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" 0.3340000E+05 0.6940001E-05 0.2940000E+08","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" T","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" 0.3750000E+00","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" 7","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" 0.0000000E+00","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" 0.0000000E+00","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"'Header Outside Pad Area'","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" 0.2530000E+05","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" 0.2940000E+08","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" 7005218.","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" 0.1000000E+01","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" T","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" 0.7000000E+02 0.2230000E+05","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" 0.3340000E+05 0.6940001E-05 0.2940000E+08","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" T","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" 0.3750000E+00","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" 7","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" 0.0000000E+00","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" 0.0000000E+00","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"'Branch removed from Junction'","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" 0.2950000E+08","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" 1005526.","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" 0.1000000E+01","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" T","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" 0.7000000E+02 0.2000000E+05","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" 0.3080000E+05 0.6940001E-05 0.2950000E+08","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" T","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" 0.3750000E+00","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" 7","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" 0.0000000E+00","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" 0.0000000E+00","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"'Pad removed from Junction'","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" 0.2940000E+08","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" 7005218.","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" 0.1000000E+01","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" T","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" 0.7000000E+02 0.2230000E+05","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" 0.3340000E+05 0.6940001E-05 0.2940000E+08","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" T","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" 0.3750000E+00","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" 7","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" 0.0000000E+00","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" 0.0000000E+00","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph"}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[340.0]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"7 regions","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Units used","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Data for SIFs, k’s and SSIs","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Region Numbers IN ORDER","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Region #1","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Region #2","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Region #3","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Region #4","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Region #5","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Region #6","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Region #7","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph"}]}]},{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[340.0]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Plot the model from anywhere. When the static model generator displays the model: (panel at right)","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Enter File:Keyboard","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"May need to read the regions:","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":35.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":239,"id":"f7f4c536-c0f7-4166-b75b-79966ac48ba5","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":75}}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"The set the point size so that it is easy to see:","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"point_radius, 3","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[340.0]},"content":[{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":25.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":173,"id":"610fe781-eea9-4ca9-8d49-afdd97aaa58f","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":172}}]}]}]},{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[340.0]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Then enter the region that should be plotted:","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"draw, region, 1","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"This will show all nodes in the model that are considered in region #1. The regions are prioritized from left to right as shown above in yellow.","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"PAD/HEADER AT JUNCTION","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Find the regions that are of interest in the model. Taken from the region file:","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[340.0]},"content":[{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":20.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":146,"id":"3b466cab-0df9-446a-bb8c-7a0cbff99f3a","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":179}}]}]}]},{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[340.0]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"'Pad/Header at Junction'","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"'Branch at Junction'","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"'Branch Transition'","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"'Pad Outer Edge Weld'","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"'Header Outside Pad Area'","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"'Branch removed from Junction'","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"'Pad removed from Junction'","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" ","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[340.0]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph"}]}]},{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[340.0]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Header outside pad area.","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#1f497d"}}]}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[340.0]},"content":[{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":30.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":219,"id":"97c3c05b-92e6-4c91-aaf4-7fb75bfe5c37","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":158}}]}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Pad Modifications","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"In the case that users want to take credit for only half of the entered pad, there is an option for this in rft28.t that allows for modifications.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Fig. Input Modifications in the RFT28 Template","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"em"}]}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":60.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":431,"id":"9c14a966-acc1-45c0-9896-4ce59f815af8","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":47}}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"content":[{"type":"inlineExtension","attrs":{"extensionType":"com.atlassian.confluence.macro.core","extensionKey":"anchor","parameters":{"macroParams":{"":{"value":"Section9"},"legacyAnchorId":{"value":"PVPTDesignSuiteJune2022FullReleaseNotes-Section9"}},"macroMetadata":{"macroId":{"value":"b81274ea780bc6a09571037922f8aa01"},"schemaVersion":{"value":"1"},"title":"Anchor"}},"localId":"5a6f5171-15e7-4fed-9f8a-70b82e7cc72a"}},{"text":"Section 9 - The Drawing Tool Feature","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"The following features are now available within the Drawing Tool:","type":"text"}]},{"type":"bulletList","content":[{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Edge-to-edge model connection","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Perturbing models","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Applying local thin areas interactively","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Locally changing model properties","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Performing mesh-insensitive FEA Calculations","type":"text"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Option #50 – Move the Shell Elements Attached to a Circle and Optionally Connect One Circle of Elements to Another","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"underline"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"In Option 50, there is a one and two-curve option. The one-curve option identifies the round section of the model to be moved and provides the coordinate to move it to. The two-curve option provides a “from” and “two” curve. The “from” curve is moved in the direction of the “to” curve. The center of the from curve is moved away from the center of the “to” curve by the vector entered in the parameter field.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Execution of Option #50 moves the set of elements connected to Curve #1 to the position relative to Curve #2. The user can identify Curve #1 and curve #2, and then enters the delta vector. ","type":"text"},{"text":"Once the elements are moved, a set of elements is produced in between the two curves.","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Fig. Curve 1 and Curve 2 Options","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"em"}]}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":90.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":624,"id":"a79f3919-e709-4035-ad61-0501cd2cc6b1","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":211}}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Drawing Tools Useful Commands","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]}]},{"type":"table","attrs":{"layout":"default","width":760.0,"localId":"6dde9688-0ccf-4583-9b5d-ac3750815887"},"content":[{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"1","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"COMPLETE CURVE AROUND CROSS SECTION","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Miscellaneous Curve Function 17: Enter curve # -curve generated from function 17 (below). Then enter direction of cross section centerline in parameters.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph"}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph"}]}]},{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"2","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"COMPUTE STRUCTURAL STRESS ALONG CURVE","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Miscellaneous Curve Function 17: Enter curve # - 3 pt curve (corner-midside node-corner) at the cross section and in the circumferential direction.","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph"}]}]},{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"3","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"REMOVING/DELETING/ADDING LOADS or RESTRAINTS","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Misc #33: Enter the curve or curve numbers in the Curve No. Cell. Opt#33 and then FOR DEL OPE DEL RES. The type of the force to be deleted must be entered. Types are OPE, OCC, WGT, PRE","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"MULT PRE X.X","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph"}]}]},{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"4","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"CALCULATING STRESS AWAY FROM DISCONTINUITIES – Misc Curve Func 28, enter the region number nodes away from discontinuities should be placed in. Click on “Properties and Region Report” (right) and pick a region #. RERUN THE MODEL. Stresses will appear in common regions.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":25.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":193,"id":"92dfb122-9ec9-4f1e-ad9b-d9d08a6d08be","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":91}}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" ","type":"text"}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":20.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":154,"id":"b2b091f1-6a13-4a13-8d5c-432e584f67f5","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":95}}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":10.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":77,"id":"306f3515-d7da-4055-b8c2-1b912e0ecc3a","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":64}}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":10.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":81,"id":"def993f8-e355-4cca-aef7-3b5212f4e2ae","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":100}}]}]}]},{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"5","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Coupling Beams to Shells : Put a curve at the end of the beam and put a second curve on at least 4 corner points on a lug or the shell to be attached to. Use COUPLE to permit axial freedom between the nodes, and HARDCOUPLE to include axial coupling. (See the input to the right.)","type":"text"}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":15.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":104,"id":"f0e148f8-ddf8-4a84-be17-3d1d81d3bc2a","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":69}}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":15.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":132,"id":"34375a72-70ee-4c65-8df7-5beb71893b2e","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":75}}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":20.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":151,"id":"df01424c-03c8-4de6-a4b2-b43ee988915d","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":75}}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":15.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":99,"id":"ad831f19-a0ed-4f0b-ae66-10e46bc6b49f","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":86}}]}]}]},{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"6","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Adding “no-stress” regions or putting elements in regions.","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph"}]}]},{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph"}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"CHECKING LOAD CASES","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"25, 26","type":"text"}]}]}]},{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph"}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"UPDATING LOAD CASES","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Misc #25: Enter Opt#25 then Cases to Include, i.e. No parameters for default, ope+P 2000 (at right) for 2000 cycles of operating + pressure loads.","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":10.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":65,"id":"f5877ad6-6caf-4464-a476-d70f72a90a7c","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":44}}]}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"File Handling","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]}]},{"type":"table","attrs":{"layout":"default","width":760.0,"localId":"863244bb-6fce-4abb-aa69-7ae89ba222c5"},"content":[{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[340.0]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Miscellaneous Curve Function 33: Enter ZERO or zero to have the force file regenerated with all zero loads removed. This makes the loads in the file easier to find.","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[340.0]},"content":[{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":10.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":74,"id":"76b2afb3-81d4-4eb0-bfa5-81d2fcb7cc03","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":48}}]}]}]},{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[340.0]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"ELEMENT Tab. Select “Element Function”. Func #5 then =3 to copy the .m1f file to <>.m1ff file. Then =4 to copy it back. Do this before making a change to the force file.","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[340.0]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph"}]}]},{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[340.0]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"ELEMENT Tab. Select “Element Function”. Func #7 =3 saves the m1e (element) file to m1eee file. Func #7 =4 copies the m1eee file back to the m1e file. (Lets the user change the elements or distort the geometry and see how it affects buckling, natural frequencies, etc.)","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[340.0]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Enter Func #7","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Enter 3 – copy m1e","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Enter 4 - recover","type":"text"}]}]}]},{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[340.0]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"ELEMENT Tab. Select “Element Function”. Func #8 compares the current model to the model stored using Func.#7 =3 (see above). This is a textural compare","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[340.0]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph"}]}]},{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[340.0]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"ELEMENT Tab. Select “element Function”. Func.#9 compares the current model to the model stored using Func.#7=3 (see above). This is a graphical compare.","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[340.0]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph"}]}]},{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[340.0]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Curves Opt. #39 1 “n” – copies the current m1e file to the 1","type":"text"},{"text":"st","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"subsup","attrs":{"type":"sup"}}]},{"text":" backup m1e file. (There are 9 possible m1e backup files.)","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[340.0]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph"}]}]},{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[340.0]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Curves Opt. #39 2 “n” – recover the n’th m1e backup file","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[340.0]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph"}]}]},{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[340.0]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Curves Opt. #39 3 “n” - ","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[340.0]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph"}]}]},{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[340.0]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Curves Opt #39 4 “ “ – delete the n’th m1e backup file.","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[340.0]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Perturbation","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]}]},{"type":"table","attrs":{"layout":"default","width":760.0,"localId":"d795973d-ebb3-4f57-ba3f-03fb7b95a4bb"},"content":[{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[680.0]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"ELEMENT Tab. Func.#10 – ","type":"text"},{"text":"Elastic Buckling Perturbation","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]},{"text":".","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":", , . can be negative to switch the sign on the perturbation.","type":"text"}]}]}]},{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[680.0]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"ELEMENT Tab. Func.#12 – ","type":"text"},{"text":"Elastic Solution Perturbation","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]},{"text":".","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":",, . can be negative.","type":"text"}]}]}]},{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[680.0]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"ELEMENT Tab. Func.#13 – ","type":"text"},{"text":"Plastic Solution Perturbation","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]},{"text":".","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":", , . The can be negative.","type":"text"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Printing/Lists","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]}]},{"type":"table","attrs":{"layout":"default","width":760.0,"localId":"9d287280-1413-451a-bfa2-bc14ddf28bab"},"content":[{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[340.0]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"1","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[340.0]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"ELEMENT Tab. Func. #11. Print all Temperatures and Pressures on all or selected elements. If a group of elements is selected, then temperatures and pressures are printed for those elements.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph"}]}]},{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[340.0]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"2","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[340.0]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Showing Displacements","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]},{"text":": Misc.Curve Func 35. Enter curves for displacement locations and the case number in the parameter slot. Optional parameters: , , , (Sy detected – SSI calculations are performed.) (See example below for displacement printout)","type":"text"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Fig. Analyze Geometry Loads","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"em"}]}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":90.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":624,"id":"2e96bb5e-d458-41ad-9a4b-5ea121b29e3a","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":283}}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Fig. Displacements and Rotations Print View","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"em"}]}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":90.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":624,"id":"ecd3c6ec-d91f-490d-bb21-c4aa70a395c6","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":116}}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Note: Occasionally, the user may need to Include the word “path” after the orientation of the section normal.","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"em"}]}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"content":[{"type":"inlineExtension","attrs":{"extensionType":"com.atlassian.confluence.macro.core","extensionKey":"anchor","parameters":{"macroParams":{"":{"value":"Section10"},"legacyAnchorId":{"value":"PVPTDesignSuiteJune2022FullReleaseNotes-Section10"}},"macroMetadata":{"macroId":{"value":"59d978b1e864e8cdb05555b386945e89"},"schemaVersion":{"value":"1"},"title":"Anchor"}},"localId":"d62768d3-e4bd-42b0-8311-83570cf62c79"}},{"text":"Section 10 - Stability Processor Note Updates","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"WRC 335 is the basis for the SCF calculations for pressure in the Stability Processor.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Option #55 – After an Elastic Calculation Plot the Minimum Principle Membrane Stress (113 or 115)","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"underline"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"To plot the minimum membrane stress, enter the load case and 113 for the NOT averaged minimum membrane stress and 115 for the averaged minimum membrane stress. It is the changing of high compressive (negative) membrane stresses into bending stresses that results into local kinking or elastic buckles. The critical compressive stress must exist over an area dimensionally greater than the local elastic buckling mode size. ","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"The rule-of-thumb for the start of an instability stress is 0.2 x E x (t/R). The compressive load is along the meridonal or axial direction, or for heads - any direction.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":80.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":551,"id":"395108cc-422f-4692-a5ea-31042d3efc55","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":251}}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"The stability processor is available from the NozzlePRO screen. It does not influence any NozzlePRO calculations but is included as a “calculator” to help the user verify the reasonableness of the finite element calculations and to provide documentation to demonstrate the verification effort.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"content":[{"type":"inlineExtension","attrs":{"extensionType":"com.atlassian.confluence.macro.core","extensionKey":"anchor","parameters":{"macroParams":{"":{"value":"Section11"},"legacyAnchorId":{"value":"PVPTDesignSuiteJune2022FullReleaseNotes-Section11"}},"macroMetadata":{"macroId":{"value":"3df9d1db676271a35ce538715a4ad704"},"schemaVersion":{"value":"1"},"title":"Anchor"}},"localId":"d37efae0-332b-428e-a4ec-602acd738fa2"}},{"text":"Section 11 - Phased Harmonic Loads","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"The following recommendations involve the easiest method to use when controlling the phased harmonic solution:","type":"text"}]},{"type":"bulletList","content":[{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Setup the model using static solution.","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Enter through the Drawing Tools.","type":"text"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"When data on the xd2 and xd3 files are non-zero, generally the phased harmonic solver will start. This includes phased loads that are nonzero that even have a zero phase angle.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Definitions of alpha (a) and beta (b) should be applied carefully. Phased harmonic solutions are considered specialty solutions. Please contact PRG for a PS engagement if you think you need phased (vs. in-phase) harmonic dynamic solution.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Option #52 – Add Density to the Model","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Option #52 allows users to add density to model when a curve # is not required. The density should be followed by 2 element types. These are generally shell element types 11 and 12. If there is no input, the default values are used for shell elements 11 and 12, where the density is 0.283 lb/cu.in. and 7.83e-5 kg/cu.mm.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Option #53 – Modify the Solution Options File (.SOP)","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"The solutions options file specifies the type of analysis to be performed. Parameters control how the command is executed.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"If the parameter line is empty, then the solution options file is read and the report tells the user how it is setup. An example output is shown below for a typical static analysis:","type":"text"}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":30.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":229,"id":"9e14580e-deeb-4ef8-bbb8-14c093f404d2","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":112}}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Enter an “S” on the line to make sure the system is setup for static solution and “D” for a dynamic solution. ","type":"text"},{"text":"Note: The S or D do NOT need to be capitalized.","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"em"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"If a dynamic file is requested, then additional control files .xd3 and .xd3 are read. These files control dynamic loads and solution types. The xd2 file is a general control file and the xd3 file contains loads that can be written by the user or other porgrams. The xd2 file contents is /SLASH file controlled and contains the following command:","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}],"content":[{"text":"/PHASE_DIRECTIVE - activate phased harmonics","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}],"content":[{"text":" ","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}],"content":[{"text":" iphase=1 then phased or complex solution","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}],"content":[{"text":" intervals - how to break down the angles","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}],"content":[{"text":" from 0 to 360 deg.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}],"content":[{"text":" 0-use the angle, 1-find the worst","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}],"content":[{"text":" for the output solution.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}],"content":[{"text":" - angle in deg. for output","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}],"content":[{"text":" ","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}],"content":[{"text":" Phased loads, or damping factors can also kick","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}],"content":[{"text":" off the phased harmonic solver. ","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}],"content":[{"text":" ","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}],"content":[{"text":" /PHASED_FORCES","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}],"content":[{"text":" ","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}],"content":[{"text":" Dir=1-X, 2-Y, 3-Z phase = in degrees","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}],"content":[{"text":" /NEWMARK_BETA - on following line enter alpha and","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}],"content":[{"text":" beta stiffness and mass factors for damping.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}],"content":[{"text":" /INIT_FORCE - used to initialize the harmonic","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}],"content":[{"text":" forcing vector. Only user entered forces","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}],"content":[{"text":" will be used for harmonic loading.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}],"content":[{"text":" The .xd3 file contents are shown below:","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}],"content":[{"text":" /STURMCHK /STURMCHK","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}],"content":[{"text":" 3 ","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}],"content":[{"text":" 300 400 500 ","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}],"content":[{"text":" up to 10 frequencies can be specified.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}],"content":[{"text":" ","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}],"content":[{"text":" /HARMONIC - turn on the dynamic harmonic solver.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}],"content":[{"text":" Enter up to 10 excitation frequencies. If","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}],"content":[{"text":" more than 10 are needed, the first frequency","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}],"content":[{"text":" should be negative and frequencies should","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}],"content":[{"text":" be read from a d data file.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}],"content":[{"text":" /MODAL - turn on the modal analysis option. The","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}],"content":[{"text":" of mode shapes calculated should be on the","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}],"content":[{"text":" on the next line.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}],"content":[{"text":" /ALLHI, print as many high frequencies as possible.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}],"content":[{"text":" ","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}],"content":[{"text":" /ALLLOW, print as many low freqeuncies as possible.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}],"content":[{"text":" /FREQHI, , don’t print frequenceis below the value.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}],"content":[{"text":" ","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}],"content":[{"text":" /SUBSPACE - ","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" ","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" ","type":"text"}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":40.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":279,"id":"3a4f453c-f816-4731-b6db-000221cd8ca2","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":391}}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Option #53 – Integrate the Solution Options File (.SOP)","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"The solutions options file specifies the type of analysis to be performed. Parameters control how the command is executed.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"If the parameter line is empty, then the solution options file is read and the report tells the user how it is setup. An example output is shown below for a typical static analysis:","type":"text"}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":40.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":287,"id":"4df37b39-037f-475b-a2ef-3cfe62969f3d","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":141}}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Enter an “S” on the line to make sure the system is setup for static solution and “D” for a dynamic solution. ","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"If a dynamic file is requested, then additional control files .xd3 and .xd3 are read. These files control dynamic loads and solution types. The xd2 file is a general control file and the xd3 file contains loads that can be written by the user or other porgrams. The xd2 file contents is /SLASH file controlled and contains the following:","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"The solutions options file specifies the type of analysis to be performed. Parameters control how the command is executed.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":35.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":259,"id":"2b92aaf9-e930-4ff5-a455-7ebd61109bc1","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":129}}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"If the parameter line is empty, then the solution options file is read and the report tells the user how it is set up. An example output is shown below for a typical static analysis:","type":"text"}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":35.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":265,"id":"3dc5b91b-4dbc-4932-9b38-afd5ecac4b5c","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":130}}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Enter an “S” on the line to make sure the system is set up for static solution and “D” for a dynamic solution. ","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"If a dynamic file is requested, then additional control files .xd3 and .xd3 are ","type":"text"},{"text":"read and displayed","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]},{"text":". The user can edit and save these files to control the dynamic output. These files control dynamic loads and solution types. The xd2 file is a general control file and the xd3 file contains loads that can be written by the user or other programs. ","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Consider the following process to run a dynamic analysis for a static model:","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Build the model and enter the drawing tools.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Note: It’s recommended to perform a static analysis so the user can verify that the loads and boundary conditions are entered correctly.","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"em"}]}]},{"type":"orderedList","attrs":{"order":1},"content":[{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Run curves option #53: with a “D” in the parameter slot.","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"When executed, information will be displayed to the user along with xd2 and xd3 files. The user can change these files as needed to implement changes, loads, etc.","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"When finished – the user can execute the model. If a dynamic analysis is requested the user can still click the ","type":"text"},{"text":"Submit for Analysis","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]},{"text":" button to perform any of the analyses requested.","type":"text"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"The xd2 file contents is /SLASH file controlled and contains the following command:","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}],"content":[{"text":"/PHASE_DIRECTIVE - activate phased harmonics","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}],"content":[{"text":" ","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}],"content":[{"text":" iphase=1 then phased or complex solution","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}],"content":[{"text":" intervals - how to break down the angles","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}],"content":[{"text":" from 0 to 360 deg.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}],"content":[{"text":" 0-use the angle, 1-find the worst","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}],"content":[{"text":" for the output solution.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}],"content":[{"text":" - angle in deg. for output","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}],"content":[{"text":" ","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}],"content":[{"text":" Phased loads, or damping factors can also kick","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}],"content":[{"text":" off the phased harmonic solver. ","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}],"content":[{"text":" ","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}],"content":[{"text":" /PHASED_FORCES","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}],"content":[{"text":" ","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}],"content":[{"text":" Dir=1-X, 2-Y, 3-Z phase = in degrees","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}],"content":[{"text":" /NEWMARK_BETA - on following line enter alpha and","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}],"content":[{"text":" beta stiffness and mass factors for damping.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}],"content":[{"text":" /INIT_FORCE - used to initialize the harmonic","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}],"content":[{"text":" forcing vector. Only user entered forces","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}],"content":[{"text":" will be used for harmonic loading.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}],"content":[{"text":" The .xd3 file contents are shown below:","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}],"content":[{"text":" /STURMCHK /STURMCHK","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}],"content":[{"text":" 3 ","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}],"content":[{"text":" 300 400 500 ","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}],"content":[{"text":" up to 10 frequencies can be specified.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}],"content":[{"text":" ","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}],"content":[{"text":" /HARMONIC - turn on the dynamic harmonic solver.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}],"content":[{"text":" Enter up to 10 excitation frequencies. If","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}],"content":[{"text":" more than 10 are needed, the first frequency","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}],"content":[{"text":" should be negative and frequencies should","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}],"content":[{"text":" be read from a d data file.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}],"content":[{"text":" /MODAL - turn on the modal analysis option. The","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}],"content":[{"text":" of mode shapes calculated should be on the","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}],"content":[{"text":" on the next line.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}],"content":[{"text":" /ALLHI, print as many high frequencies as possible.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}],"content":[{"text":" ","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}],"content":[{"text":" /ALLLOW, print as many low frequencies as possible.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}],"content":[{"text":" /FREQHI, , don’t print frequenceis below the value.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}],"content":[{"text":" ","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}],"content":[{"text":" /SUBSPACE - ","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}],"content":[{"text":"Details:","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}],"content":[{"text":"There are two file types that can be defined with data for phased harmonic analysis and/or other dynamic extensions.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}],"content":[{"text":".xd2 file – ","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}],"content":[{"text":".xd3 file – ","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}],"content":[{"text":"/END – stop reading at this line. Data can be placed after the /END, but they will not be read.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}],"content":[{"text":"/PHASE_DIRECTIVE","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}],"content":[{"text":", , , ","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}],"content":[{"text":" - number of intervals in each phased case.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}],"content":[{"text":" - enter 1 to indicate if should turn on complex calculation","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}],"content":[{"text":" - angle in degrees for computing the complex solution","type":"text"}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":25.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":200,"id":"59c74307-81e4-4388-9c01-acda8702e5cd","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":121}}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"The following XML MiM commands control harmonic solutions:","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}],"content":[{"text":"The MiM controls should produce the following / inputs to the .XD2 file.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}],"content":[{"text":"/PHASE_DIRECTIVE","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}],"content":[{"text":" ","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}],"content":[{"text":"iphase- 0 then do not force solution with phase","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}],"content":[{"text":" 1 then force solution with phase. ","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Generally, iphase is determined by the problem. If there is a phase angle with any load, then iphase is set to 1. If there is damping restraints, Newmark Beta damping, or dashpots then the iphase is set to 1. “Ibkdn” tells how many intervals through 2pi to scan for maximum output in a phased solution. 10 to 36 is a typical value. If iphase > 0, then ibkdn is used and defaults to 10 if not entered. Ifixphase = 1 then the intervals through 2pi indicated by “ibkdn” are selected at fixed locations through 2pi. If ifixpase = 0 then the maximum displacement angle in the specified interval is determined and used to compute the displacement, reaction and stress for the intervals. There will still be “ibkdn” intervals. ","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"table","attrs":{"layout":"default","width":760.0,"localId":"eb4f502e-9602-4076-896e-fe0a35ebee67"},"content":[{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[680.0]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":".xd3 File","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Note that all keywords must be upper case, preceded by a “/” and start in the first space on the line where the keyword is to be identified.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"To turn on an harmonic analysis when running a dynamic analysis, in the correct folder include an xd3 file and place the following:","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"/HARMONIC","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":", , …, ","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"If the user has assembled a variety of lines in the xd3 file and wants to keep them in the file but NOT read then they can be put at the bottom of the file prefaced by a /END line. i.e.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"/END","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"If the user wants to turn off the xd3 file completely, then anywhere in the file the user can enter the ","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"/IGNOREXD3 file line.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Note: The averaged stresses should involve only the stresses in the edge element and not the thickened elements. ","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"em"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"When running the following file structure is setup:","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"For PCLGOLD – the dom input file is in the data folder. ","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"For IFU file – from the drawing tools the dynamic solution is run from _BIFMODAL","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"If the user adds HAR to the line in a curve #25, a load cases setup for a dynamic run displays. ","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"SOP File","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"underline"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Gsop","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"opt1|I5} {opt2|I5} {opt3|I5} {opt4|I5} {bourdon_opt-1|I5} +","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"{piping_code_type|I5} 0 {user_adjust_jacobian-1|N5} {opt9|N5}","type":"text"}]},{"type":"table","attrs":{"layout":"default","width":760.0,"localId":"875be03a-a4c9-4f92-941a-d65241a73a99"},"content":[{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"alignment","attrs":{"align":"center"}}],"content":[{"text":"1","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph"}]}]},{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"alignment","attrs":{"align":"center"}}],"content":[{"text":"2","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Not recommended to be used","type":"text"}]}]}]},{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"alignment","attrs":{"align":"center"}}],"content":[{"text":"3","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" ","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Do not use","type":"text"}]}]}]},{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"alignment","attrs":{"align":"center"}}],"content":[{"text":"4","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"1-NO FE, 2-FE, 7-Dynamics/Buckling","type":"text"}]}]}]},{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"alignment","attrs":{"align":"center"}}],"content":[{"text":"5","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"1-none, 2-circular, 3-oval","type":"text"}]}]}]},{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"alignment","attrs":{"align":"center"}}],"content":[{"text":"6","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"1-power (B31.1), 2-petrochem (B31.3)","type":"text"}]}]}]},{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"alignment","attrs":{"align":"center"}}],"content":[{"text":"7","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"<0>","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph"}]}]},{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"alignment","attrs":{"align":"center"}}],"content":[{"text":"8","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph"}]}]},{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"alignment","attrs":{"align":"center"}}],"content":[{"text":"9","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[226.67]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"If negative then include stress stiffness matrix for routine static solution (not buckling)","type":"text"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"1-average 2-notaverage 3-gauss average 4-gauss not average – drop down in T code and dot files.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" ","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"0-not averaged","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"1 - averaged","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"2-gauss not averaged","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"3-gauss averaged","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Below is a typical SOP file setup for dynamics. When this file is run, the dynamic module is entered. When the dynamic module is entered, the user can use the xd2 or xd3 file to control the solution. User control of the solution allows the user to:","type":"text"}]},{"type":"bulletList","content":[{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Perform sturm sequence checks","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Perform eigen solutions","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Perform harmonic solutions","type":"text"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"FEPipe and NozzlePRO can be setup for static linear and nonlinear calculations, specialized piping applications (hanger design, etc), and for dynamics.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"If the SOP file in the main folder has a 7 set for engine, then using the ","type":"text"},{"text":"Submit for Analysis ","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]},{"text":"button takes the user into the dynamic module as the dyn file is setup. It is the .dyn file that controls how the dynamic analysis will be run. ","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"The following is a typical .dyn file:","type":"text"}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":30.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":211,"id":"261b6eb5-35e6-462c-ba8b-5cb59498ca41","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":117}}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"The following values are in the dynamic file:","type":"text"}]},{"type":"bulletList","content":[{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Line 1: number of eigenpairs to calculate, freq_start (hz)","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Line 2: recommended subspace size, allowed solution time (sec)","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Line 3: diagonal mass matrix logical ","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Line 4: cnvfor, cnvlen, cnvmas (For English: 1, 1, 0.00259) For SI/Metric: ","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Line 5: Logical Buckle Shift, Buckle Shift Factor","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Line 6: Logical for Harmonic Analysis (See XD3 file description below)","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Line 7: Loads for harmonic analysis (already used to form load vector)","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Line 8: Harmonic excitation frequencies (1->5)","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Line 9: Harmonic excitation frequencies (6->10)","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Line 10: Logical Eigenvalue Spectrum, Logical Time History, Logical Static Spectrum","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Line 11: Frequency Max, Spectrum Max_1","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Line 12: Spectrum Max_2, Spectrum Max_3","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Line 13: Direction_1, Direction_2, Direction_3","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Line 14: Diagonalization Method","type":"text"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Variation of Damping Ratio","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#000000"}},{"type":"strong"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Classical ","type":"text"},{"text":"Rayleigh damping","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://www.orcina.com/webhelp/OrcaFlex/Content/html/Rayleighdamping.htm"}}]},{"text":" is viscous damping, which is proportional to a linear combination of mass and stiffness. The damping matrix C is given by C=μM+λK, where M and K are the mass and stiffness matrices respectively and μ and λ are ","type":"text"},{"text":"constants of proportionality","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://www.orcina.com/webhelp/OrcaFlex/Content/html/Rayleighdamping.htm"}}]},{"text":". Rayleigh damping does afford certain mathematical conveniences and is widely used to model internal structural damping. One of the less attractive features of Rayleigh damping, however, is that the achieved damping ratio ξ ","type":"text"},{"text":"varies with response frequency","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://www.orcina.com/webhelp/OrcaFlex/Content/html/Rayleighdamping.htm#DampingRatioEqn"}}]},{"text":". The stiffness proportional term contributes damping that is linearly proportional to response frequency and the mass proportional term contributes damping that is inversely proportional to response frequency. This graph illustrates the way in which the mass and stiffness damping terms contribute to the overall damping ratio:","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Fig. Variation of Damping Ratio with Frequency","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"em"}]}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":30.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":234,"id":"3a56d825-190f-4ea8-81fe-266feba072d2","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":163}}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"AIV Guidance","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"/PHASE_DIRECTIVE","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" ","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"/NEWMARK_BETA","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" ","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"/DAMPING_DATA","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" ","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"/DAMPING_VALUES","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" ","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" ","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"/STURMCHK","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" … ","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"/FREQHI","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"/ALLLOW","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"/ALLHI","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"/HARMONIC","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"/INIT_FORCE – the presence of this will initialize the incoming vector and will rely on the user to enter","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" /phase_forces to provide the harmonic excitation.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Acoustic Induced Vibration (AIV) Update","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"The AIV update primarily investigates frequency ranges and produces stress results for high frequencies. The user should verify that the model is suitable for the frequency range of interest. This is done by adjusting the sturm sequence calculations to determine where frequency ranges fall. There is a data file that can be created by the user like .xd3. This file has a sequence of / commands followed by data. To enter 5 sturm sequence frequencies, the user would enter the following command:","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}],"content":[{"text":"/STURMCHK","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}],"content":[{"text":"5","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}],"content":[{"text":"1000, 2000, 5000, 10000, 20000","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Important: The /sturmchk directive will override the natural frequency calculation, and the software will perform only the sturm sequence calculations. This makes running the solution much quicker and lets the user know where the solutions will fall. Only 10 frequency values may be entered for the multiple frequency checks.","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Frequencies will be counted from 0 to 1000 Hz., from 0 to 2000 Hz, and so on. Detailed stresses for shell models can be calculated for 50 separate load cases, so the user should identify the frequency range for the printed result.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"To control which frequencies are printed, enter the following values:","type":"text"}]},{"type":"bulletList","content":[{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"/ALLLOW (Use this to print as many low frequency modes as possible. This is the default).","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"/ALLHI (Use this to print as many high frequency modes as possible).","type":"text"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"To focus only on high frequencies, the user can specify the first high frequency that should be included in the output stress calculations. The sturm sequence calculations should be performed first so that users will know where the frequency calculations should start. With the /FREQHI command all frequencies below the high frequency will be omitted. The Graham-Schmidt orthogonalization will be used with eigenvectors below the “high frequency” so that no component of low frequency modes will be associated with the higher modes. ","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}],"content":[{"text":"/FREQHI","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}],"content":[{"text":"","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"content":[{"type":"inlineExtension","attrs":{"extensionType":"com.atlassian.confluence.macro.core","extensionKey":"anchor","parameters":{"macroParams":{"":{"value":"Section12"},"legacyAnchorId":{"value":"PVPTDesignSuiteJune2022FullReleaseNotes-Section12"}},"macroMetadata":{"macroId":{"value":"3b89706fd8eed79117d2c9a512ff8dfd"},"schemaVersion":{"value":"1"},"title":"Anchor"}},"localId":"6b929911-8f70-4706-be06-24a5c64b9fc9"}},{"text":"Section 12 – Elastic-Plastic Solver Feature Features","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"The following Features are now available within the Elastic-Plastic Solver:","type":"text"}]},{"type":"bulletList","content":[{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Elastic Analysis Comparison Calculation (Load Step Option = 3).","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Updated iso-beam boundary conditions. ","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"In the 2019 version of ASME VIII-2 Part 5, the Super Alloy m","type":"text"},{"text":"2","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"subsup","attrs":{"type":"sub"}}]},{"text":" coefficient error was corrected. ","type":"text"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Beam and Shell Models","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Users can import beam and shell models from NozzlePRO directly into MITCH for elastic plastic and large rotation analysis. Beams can be added from NozzlePRO to apply loads to nozzles. ","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"When the beams are imported, use load step Option 3 to show that the linear analysis matches expected values. Then, the user can change the load step Option to 2 for typical thermal load calculations. Usage of the extend to collapse calculation is contraindicated for thermal loads.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Advanced Nonlinear Features","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"The following content contains updates the to the Advanced MITCH features.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"The user can now evaluate reversed plasticity by entering a negative cycle count in the MITCH nonlinear property data screen. The help available for this screen details the change. When a negative number is entered the specified loading will be applied, removed and then reapplied in the negative direction. This cycle will repeat “N” times.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"The arc length solution permits an applied load to be reduced in an attempt to find a subsequent converged load.","type":"text"},{"type":"inlineExtension","attrs":{"extensionType":"com.atlassian.confluence.macro.core","extensionKey":"anchor","parameters":{"macroParams":{"":{"value":"_Hlk94382554"},"legacyAnchorId":{"value":"PVPTDesignSuiteJune2022FullReleaseNotes-_Hlk94382554"}},"macroMetadata":{"macroId":{"value":"d68ca7f6-f7fc-4f15-b1e8-7bef9545d39b"},"schemaVersion":{"value":"1"},"title":"Anchor"}},"localId":"8e11519d-4cfd-42f9-9085-3ff725e72ddf"}}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":65.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":455,"id":"6107b3e7-50c0-4581-a466-6a4106088581","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":238}}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Consider the information below for ratcheting options as it applies to your load cases.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Ratcheting options here are for the load cases set up in the main nonlinear form shown below. These cases control how the primary and then range load cases are applied. The max strain limit node will control the output strain window and the strain node used for the Ke calculation. The M2 node and direction will also control the node with the load and displacement for the M2 calculation and for the displacement printout for cycling and the Ke.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}],"content":[{"text":"Fig. Nonlinear Form","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"em"}]}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"wrap-left","width":50.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":341,"id":"ba5ba597-cc16-4e8f-b824-68857f840af8","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":73}}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"bulletList","content":[{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"If the number of cycles is negative on the main data panel, then the load will be applied and then removed, and then reversed and applied and removed for an R=-1 fatigue simulation. If pressure should be applied first, then the PL switch and ratcheting options can be used to apply a fixed load first, and then the varying load second. Ensure to run the load combination and cycles on a simple system first so that the results can be manually verified. ","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"The user can increase the load by selecting the “Extend loads collapse” option, and then limit the maximum load multiplier to a constant. All loads except for ASME load cases and SSI loads will be extended to the multiplier given if the geometry will carry the load.","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"The advanced panel uniform load step controls can be used for loading and unloading. For thermal loads ","type":"text"},{"text":"the uniform load step control should be changed to 2.","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]},{"text":" The uniform load step parameter will be changed automatically from 0/0.1 to 2 if thermal loads are detected in the model.","type":"text"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Additional MITCH Features","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"The Features are now available as MITCH features:","type":"text"}]},{"type":"bulletList","content":[{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Improvement of the stability parameters of arc-length algorithm so that the speed of arc-length algorithm is improved. Users should find more regularly spaced program selected load steps.","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Cyclic loading (reverse loading cycle or loading-unloading cycle) which includes Bauschinger effect added. The user activates this feature by entering the number of cycles in as negative numbers.","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Iso-beam element with large displacement/rotation, which can couple the nodes on which the torque is applied along drilling dof direction to neighboring elements or nodes. This method improves the stability of torsional and force-follower loads.","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Addition of spar elements.","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Addition of beam elements which includes fixed flexibility factor and large rotation. These beam elements can be used to load shell models.","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"New transcendental equation solver for material property convergence is introduced and the speed is faster.","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"New algorithm was introduced to handle the drilling stiffness addition.","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"New approach for Ke calculation to relate the Ke to the magnitude of the load or displacement.","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Improvement on algorithm to include thickness thinning effect.","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Uniform loading stepping scheme with different time step size combined with automatic time stepping scheme.","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"J-integral calculation using virtual crack extension algorithm updated for nonlinear solutions.","type":"text"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Note: Crude meshes typically run through the linear solver without difficulty. The results should not be used, but the crude mesh solution lets the user make sure that the load cases and the model are setup in a reasonable way. Collapse or elastic-plastic solutions occasionally won’t work with crude meshes because of the poorly formed elements and numerical imbalance. In these cases, a small refinement of the model is usually sufficient, and the user can use a “reasonably coarse mesh” to check nonlinear calculations also.","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"em"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Advanced Panel Options","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"underline"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Fig. Plasticity and Large Rotation Options","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"em"}]}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":50.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":360,"id":"88044991-3cc1-420a-9366-c68baaafb74a","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":342}}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Options for ratcheting analysis using noncyclic method (Reinhardt). The Reinhardt procedure applies the range load first and determines a reduction in capacity of each element. Then, the primary load is run. If it satisfies the primary load requirement (does not collapse with the appropriate controls), then ratcheting is assumed to be satisfied. The Reinhardt procedure is much faster than the option 3. The user wishing to use the faster options 0 or 1 should verify that these options are valid for the geometries under study by running at least one option 3 calculation for verification.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"bulletList","content":[{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"0: Small displacement/rotation in elastic modulus adjustment procedure","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"1: Large displacement/rotation in elastic modulus adjustment procedure","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"3: No Reinhard ratcheting. In this case the loads will be applied as requested in the load case selection and then the cycling of the load range will be conducted the number of times specified in the cycles. Note that occasionally 10 to 15 cycles are required before the load is stabilized.","type":"text"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"The pressure combination method variable. This option decides which load cases pressure is associated with for common primary cases.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"bulletList","content":[{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"0-Pressure is combined in the first load case for all but the fatigue case with the other load cases in the case and analyzed as if the pressure rises monotonically with all other loads.","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"1-Pressure is in the first load case when in the case. Other loads are included in a second load case. If the loads cycle then the entire process repeats after returning to zero.","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"2-Then pressure is applied first and then the load is added and then only the second load cycles after the pressure has been added. Note that this does not impact the sustained stress index. ","type":"text"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":2}}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Contains many types of analysis.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"bulletList","content":[{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"0/1: Analysis with arc-length scheme.","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"2: Analysis with uniform loading steps combined with automatic time-stepping scheme. This is required for thermal loads but is activated automatically when thermal loads are detected. The user can try the uniform load steps at any time if there is a difficulty getting arc length solutions to converge.","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"3: Linear elastic analysis.","type":"text"}]}]}]},{"type":"orderedList","attrs":{"order":1},"content":[{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Maximum allowable number of iterations per load step. Enter 100 to deactivate kinematic hardening and use isotropic hardening instead when loads are reversed. Kinematic hardening is used to simulate Baushinger effects.","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Factor for dividing load step in the case of automatic time-stepping scheme.","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Factor to multiply the magnitude of the occasional loads that are identified in the model. Occasional loads can usually be identified in the .m1f file as 14002 and are specified as wind or seismic loads in FEPipe template input. Users should verify that each combination case provides the applied total load desired. The solution data report for static calculations gives the unbalanced load summation.","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Relative tolerance used to check for convergence based on energy criterion. Values between 0.001 and 0.005 are recommended.","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Parameters to define the multi-linear stress-strain curve. ","type":"text"}]}]}]},{"type":"bulletList","content":[{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"0/1: Stress-strain curve with shift by Sy/E","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"2: Stress-strain curve from ASME approach without shift","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"3: Stress-strain curve with shift and yield stress equal to 0.7Sy","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"4: Stress-strain curve with shift and yield stress equal to 0.8Sy","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"5: Stress-strain curve with shift and yield stress equal to 0.9Sy","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"6: Stress-strain curve without shift and yield stress equal to 0.7Sy","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"7: Stress-strain curve without shift and yield stress equal to 0.8Sy","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"8: Stress-strain curve without shift and yield stress equal to 0.9Sy","type":"text"},{"type":"hardBreak"}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":55.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":395,"id":"76857ad9-2641-4de8-a473-2c956f0e9eec","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":235}}]}]}]},{"type":"orderedList","attrs":{"order":1},"content":[{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Same strain with 0.8Sy and 0.7Sy","type":"text"},{"type":"hardBreak"}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":55.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":404,"id":"d52caeb2-7ce9-41fb-a2b8-66ab09b9927a","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":242}}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Used for nonlinear step size. Every load step size is compared against the allowable arc length bound set by alpha. 3 is small – and used when small steps are required. 100 to 300 are generally used when starting if the fixed load step is not set. The fixed load step control is controlled by item c. The user should start with larger values (100 to 300) and then if small values seem to be needed – they can be entered. Starting at and alpha = 3 is often too small and results in load steps that are excessively small.","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Factor used to limit the maximum displacement increment during a solution step. If the displacement increment exceeds 100 times the displacements in the first load step, the current load step will be repeated with a reduced load factor. Smaller values reduce the arc length size and refines the solution but increases the number of program selected load steps.","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Elastic-plastic + small displacement/rotation (thickness thinning effect not included).","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"not used at this time","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"not used at this time","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Elastic-plastic + large displacement/rotation (thickness thinning effect included).","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Elastic + large displacement/rotation (thickness thinning effect not included).","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Tresca yield criterion (default is von mises yield criterion).","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Concentrated forces/moments rotate in nonlinear analysis. This can be critical for the case where torsion is provided by force couples and where loads are applied by elements that rotate with the piping system such as relief valves.","type":"text"},{"type":"hardBreak"}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":55.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":390,"id":"bf9de0d8-30d9-4e6d-b661-6524c191644c","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":109}}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Specify the input node on which effective total strain will be reported. The user can find this by going to the “Element” panel in the Drawing Tools and click on elements of interest. The node numbers for any element are shown on the screen.","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Specify the input node used to calculate the M2 value.","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Choose the displacement component for the M2 node specified in s to calculate the M2 value. Note how twice elastic slope below can be very close to three or four times the elastic slope. This is a simplification. When the geometry reaches the M2 load, the displacements are twice those predicted by an elastic analysis. One half of this value results in typically purely elastic loads that return to their precise starting point when the load is removed.","type":"text"},{"type":"hardBreak"},{"type":"hardBreak"}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":50.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":344,"id":"efc38f42-f744-4deb-8d23-23e855a0bca3","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":211}}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Physical Features of Reversed Plasticity","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Consider the following features of reversed plasticity:","type":"text"}]},{"type":"bulletList","content":[{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Bauschinger Effect – The hardening increase in strength is removed from the opposite direction yield strength.","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"For non-symmetric load-controlled cycling “ratcheting” may be developed. Combinations of displacement controlled cycling ratcheting can also be developed.","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Monotonic vs. Cyclic stress-strain differences.","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Crystal slippage occurs and the material behavior translates from a “plateau” two-term model to a power-law model without a noticeable plateau. ","type":"text"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Buckling Mode Model Perturbation","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"To provide perturbation in the shell, a potentially conservative but reasonable case can be developed by providing a perturbation on the compressive side of the loaded discontinuity with a thickness loss equal to the mechanical tolerance of the vessel also along the perturbation. It is believed that this will give an adequate lower bound. Consider the following process when attempting to achieve a lower bound:","type":"text"}]},{"type":"orderedList","attrs":{"order":1},"content":[{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Enter the drawing tools for the model to be perturbed.","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Have an idea where the buckling mode will be placed. Ensure that there is a reasonable mesh in the area. This usually means that an element length is (RT)","type":"text"},{"text":"0.5","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"subsup","attrs":{"type":"sup"}}]},{"text":" and that there is one element as a minimum on either side of the buckling crevasse.","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Clip away the back side of the geometry and rotate the model so that the perturbation buckle faces the user.","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Select the elements on either side of the buckle crevasse using the element selection tool. Get elements on either side of the crevasse (perturbation) dimensions shown that are within (RT)","type":"text"},{"text":"0.5","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"subsup","attrs":{"type":"sup"}}]},{"text":" of the crevasse edges. The dimensions can generally be larger than those shown here although the horizontal dimension can be any distance while the meridonal dimension should not be too much larger than 2(RT)","type":"text"},{"text":"0.5","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"subsup","attrs":{"type":"sup"}}]},{"text":" . ","type":"text"}]}]}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"wrap-left","width":90.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":624,"id":"a61697ea-1c4a-45f4-969b-36052feef83f","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":149}}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":60.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":435,"id":"22d170fd-9124-40ba-943f-c22bf933b84a","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":178}}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"orderedList","attrs":{"order":1},"content":[{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Open the ","type":"text"},{"text":"Element","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]},{"text":" dialog box.","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Select function #14. No parameters are required if 1% of the radius is a reasonable inward buckle size.","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Click ","type":"text"},{"text":"Execute","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]},{"text":". A second window appears that shows the exaggerated magnitude of the buckled shape.","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Close the window when the user is satisfied with the shape.","type":"text"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Note: There are a variety of ways to look at exaggerated shapes. There are also options with function #14 to save the original shape so that the user can move back and forth between perturbed and the original shapes. ","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"em"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"indentation","attrs":{"level":1}}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Nonlinear Analysis Notes","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Whenever performing a nonlinear analysis, the user must ensure that the material type and the yield and tensile stress for the material used in the model are entered. The tensile strength entered should be the engineering tensile stress. The true tensile stress is used in the nonlinear solver, but the conversion of the stress-strain curve from engineering to true (stress, strain) is performed automatically.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Fig. Material Type","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"em"}]}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"wrap-left","width":55.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":393,"id":"715398e0-ce46-43b0-8c33-6fe0832ce3b2","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":78}}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"When performing a thermal nonlinear analysis, the Riks or arc-length method should likely not be used. Constant interval load stepping is preferred in this situation. A “2” should be placed in the Load Step Control text cell in the Advanced Option Panel as shown below. All other case options, etc. may be performed as normal.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Fig. Entering 2 for Load Step Control","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"em"}]}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"wrap-left","width":40.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":278,"id":"84cec960-7cd4-4a57-b585-0db73b06c68d","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":34}}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"When performing a TES analysis and a TES and post-TES behavior analysis, the user can request that the M","type":"text"},{"text":"2","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"subsup","attrs":{"type":"sub"}}]},{"text":" value is exceeded. The maximum strain can also be limited so that unnecessary run times do not occur. A maximum strain of 10 to 15% is recommended, (or less). The maximum strain just beyond TES limits can be very geometry sensitive. ","type":"text"}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"wrap-left","width":45.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":305,"id":"cc90489f-1ea4-42d4-889d-1531479b4d50","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":24}}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"wrap-left","width":25.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":199,"id":"16b0934c-759c-4310-8f4d-6c5547bcb6e0","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":115}}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Reinhardt ratcheting and ASME/Bree ratcheting are two types of ratcheting behavior that is generally considered.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"ASME/Bree Ratcheting","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"underline"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Using the elastic plastic material model, the minimum specified yield temperature should be used. Perform a number of repetitions of the load event. Use at least three repetitions of the event. If the cycles do not stabilize (if the strain continues to increase each cycle for example), then more cycles will be needed. If any one of the below conditions is satisfied, then the ratcheting criteria is satisfied.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"bulletList","content":[{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"There is no plastic actions, (in other words, the plastic strains have shaken down to elastic action).","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"There is an elastic core in the primary load bearing boundary of the component such as a large cross section remains elastic and controls any incremental straining. The user should not see increases in strain during repeated cycling. The plastic strain remains the same during loading and unloading cycles.","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"There is not a permenant change in the overall dimensions of the component.","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"The figure on the left is ratcheting, while the figure on the right is not ratcheting. The strain range does not necessarily have to change during subsequent ratcheting steps, but the maximum strain is definitely changing. ","type":"text"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"wrap-left","width":45.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":309,"id":"1b901841-6452-4185-8666-f59a9df96881","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":213}}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"wrap-left","width":45.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":328,"id":"a7c43b28-1520-4008-8600-561fe5ae4d55","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":150}}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Fig. Racheting\t\t\t\t\t\t\tFig. Not Racheting","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"em"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"There are four basic ratcheting loading sequences that the user can select from noted in the following image:","type":"text"}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"wrap-left","width":45.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":325,"id":"5efb2648-733d-4d39-968b-4147d64bac81","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":69}}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Ratcheting Process","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"underline"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"The first applied load is considered the non-varying load that is the directional driven Bree style ratcheting load case. After the first load case is applied, the second load case is applied along with the first load case and cycled. If this cycling of the varying load case causes incremental straining, then “ratcheting” is occurring and fatigue life may be significantly impacted, large strains and cracking may result, and dimensional changes may occur in the shape.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"In the image below the Reinhardt Ratcheting Option is specified. Reinhardt ratcheting is discussed in various papers. There are two options for Reinhardt ratcheting: 0-elastic perfectly plastic option without large rotation, 1-strain hardening option with large rotation. The 0-Reinhardt option is more conservative and is recommended. The 1-option has been shown to match limited test data. The Reinhardt approach ","type":"text"},{"text":"first","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"underline"}]},{"text":" applies the range of loads and then reduces the strength of elements or members that have undergone plastic action. Once the element strength has been reduced, the primary (non-varying) loads are applied. If the solution converges then the Reinhardt approach has been satisfied. Displacements and strains from the result should not be used.","type":"text"},{"text":" ","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Fig. Reinhardt Racheting Option","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"em"}]}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":55.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":379,"id":"8d6dd4bf-b150-41c0-a910-77713c89c819","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":301}}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"The ASME options can be selected by placing a “2” in the Reinhardt Ratcheting Option text cell shown in the figure above. The user should specify the loading as necessary and select one of the ratcheting sequences shown above. For ASME (Bree) ratcheting, the first load is applied and held constant. When the first load (usually pressure and weight – the non-varying loads), have been applied the second load (usually additional load) is applied and removed the number of times specified. A minimum of 3 cycles is recommended. DO NOT CHECK THE Unload checkbox for the ASME/Bree ratcheting.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"In some cases for straight pipe, pressure can cause radial ratcheting in the presence of thermal bending loads. It would typically be thought that the incremental strains would occur in the axial direction, whereas instead they occur in the radial direction. This radial ratcheting generally requires a user-written subroutine to be included as part of a finite element evaluation. For this load condition, the Reinhardt method with option 0 is thought to detect this ratcheting condition.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"wrap-left","width":50.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":343,"id":"debb351b-986f-4b8c-9308-511c92e05476","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":28}}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Important: If the number of cycles is negative, then the load will cycle from positive then back to zero then to negative then to zero then to positive.","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Energy criteria contains a convergence tolerance of 1/1000, which is typical. 1/100 can be used if the solution is not affected and the running time is improved. The user is recommended to not adjust this parameter.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"There are a variety of stress strain curve types, but only 0/1 and 2 are recommended. 0/1 are the same. The curve is linear up until a strain of Sy/E and then is flat until the stress, strain point intersects the curve developed from VIII-2 Part 3. The stress strain curve used can be found in the general output. Option 1 uses the exact stress strain curve from VIII-2 Part 3. The VIII-2 Part 3 curve begins plastic straining relatively early in the load sequence. After the material has undergone any appreciable loading this early (but very small), straining may disappear. Generally, either option can be used without difficulty. The options 0/1 tend to produce more easily detectable slope changes and should be used with the elastic-perfectly plastic material option. Options 3,4 and 5 deviate from the Sy/E linearity at respectively 70%, 80% and 90% of the Sy stress. Options 6,7 and 8 shift the ASME curve to the left to intersection the stress strain point: (Sy, Sy/E).","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"table","attrs":{"layout":"default","width":760.0,"localId":"0bb5997c-3ee6-4565-abea-871d477d5fe9"},"content":[{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[340.0]},"content":[{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":50.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":346,"id":"ee9d8a56-0778-4151-8267-4a06f6db4f11","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":190}}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[340.0]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"alignment","attrs":{"align":"center"}}],"content":[{"text":"Curve Options 0/1, 2, 3,4,5","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"alignment","attrs":{"align":"center"}}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"alignment","attrs":{"align":"center"}}],"content":[{"text":"(0/1 or 2 is recommended)","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"alignment","attrs":{"align":"center"}}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"alignment","attrs":{"align":"center"}}],"content":[{"text":"2-Curve Identical to ASME VIII-Part 3","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[340.0]},"content":[{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":50.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":350,"id":"892eda31-764b-49d9-aff6-2f7e65ff3e09","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":192}}]}]},{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[340.0]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"alignment","attrs":{"align":"center"}}],"content":[{"text":"Curves, 6,7,8","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","marks":[{"type":"alignment","attrs":{"align":"center"}}],"content":[{"text":"NOT Recommended","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"The Pressure Loading Option","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"underline"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"This option","type":"text"},{"text":" ","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]},{"text":"in Fig. Reinhardt Racheting Option","type":"text"},{"text":" ","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"em"}]},{"text":"is used with any general load case that includes pressure. By default, there is a single load case that includes pressure such as W+P, or W+P+T, or OCC+P. Usually, the pressure is included with any other loads and the entire load set is monotonically increased and decreased if there is unloading. There are two other options for pressure combinations:","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"bulletList","content":[{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"0-(the default): pressure is combined with other specified loads for all but the twice elastic slope fatigue cases. This is the default and assumes that pressure rises monotonically with all other loads in the specified case.","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"1-Pressure is only applied with the first load case with any combination that includes pressure, i.e. option (27) occasional loads + pressure. All other loads are included in the second load case and may be cycled, extended and unloaded, i.e. for case (27), pressure is applied first (load factor = 1 is full pressure) and ","type":"text"},{"text":"kept constant","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"underline"}]},{"text":" while the occasional load is added and or cycled. If the system load is taken to collapse or failure, then the pressure remains constant while the occasional load is increased. This approach allows the user to evaluate how pressure increases the external load capacity.","type":"text"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"There are a variety of loading and analysis options available with plastic loading. Used most often are the SSI calculation options, the Automatic ASME VIII-2 Part 5.2 options. Service limit Options can be used to stop the solution at what might be considered a displacement, strain, stress or rotation service limit. The sign on any load (except pressure) may be switched so that tensile and compressive evaluation of the specified loads can be performed.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Fig. Service Limit Options","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"em"}]}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":60.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":425,"id":"c0143335-f0a3-4cf8-881a-e3f73c013743","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":339}}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"The box below gives a variety of options available when the number of cycles are specified and the unload converged solutions options. Often service limits are established by whether or not the component returns to its original position after the loads are removed. The switches below defined the loads case options.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":60.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":434,"id":"9a9a9f70-36e0-422b-97f5-c34ac890e904","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":296}}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"The nonlinear models, loads, and results are separated by load type and placed in different folders under the name _MITCH_OUT. The ratcheting cases are in the folders (31), (32), (33), and (34). Each load type is stored and accessed uniquely. If the user runs SSI cases, ASME cases, and ratcheting cases, the output for them all can be accessed under the _MITCH_OUT folder. The file system can be reviewed using the ","type":"text"},{"text":"EDIT ","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]},{"text":"tab and the ","type":"text"},{"text":"Explore Files","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]},{"text":" button in the drawing tools.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"An example plot of an ASME/Bree ratcheting case is shown below. In the first case to the “Load Factor” equal to 1, the weight+pressure case is applied. Starting at Load Factor = 1, the operating load is added to the system and the nonlinear analysis performed. The number of cycles = 3, and so the operating load is applied and removed 3 times. In this case, the maximum strain is stable and the low strain is increasing very slightly. The strain plots for this model should be inspected and then if the strain is distributed over a large area then an increased number of cycles analyzed. For this ASME/Bree ratcheting, uniform load steps are used for the load factors from zero to 1, and the arc-length method is to cycle the load for factors (see range axis in the plot above), greater than 1.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"wrap-left","width":30.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":228,"id":"7ca1acb1-ca5c-4103-8cb8-e6da7fc6e311","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":168}}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Nonlinearity and AxiPRO Flange Model","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"underline"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"When running the AxiPRO modeler, the default has been added to deactivate plasticity for those elements in contact with concentrated forces. This is particularly for nut and gasket surfaces to eliminate local stress singularities. The plastic stress calculations are intended to compute plastic strains in the small end of the hub and in the flange ring. To improve the simulation, the user is recommended to review the plastic output and then possibly to increase the number of elements through the flange thickness. ","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Fig. Nonlinear Solution Control Input","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"em"}]}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":60.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":418,"id":"07fe7326-3dbc-44a4-bc88-c0b03f5855b4","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":337}}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"When any of the load cases are checked (see (23) for the operating case above), the default loads for the operating case will be selected. If nonzero temperature is defined for the model, then the temperature will be included. Often for nonlinear analysis temperature in the model is not required. It’s not wholly clear that 0.88b should multiply the temperature load from an elastic analysis to generate a load case. ","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Temperature loads in most cases have some secondary quality which is a function of the potential energy of the loaded system and the total possible unrestrained thermal expansion. Kinematic leveraging can increase the displacements but an oversimplification would be that a nozzle displacement is limited by LaDT.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Generally thermal loads would be removed from typical nozzle load situations. This can be done during the (30), (23), (24), (25), (28), (29), (31), (32), (33) and (34) nonlinear load cases by removing the temperature loading. Thermal loads can be removed using option #33 in the ","type":"text"},{"text":"Miscellaneous Curve","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]},{"text":" dialog box. ","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Temperature loads are generally part of a force and moment load, and a restrained free end displacement, a thermal differential load or a thru-wall temperature load. In general the restrained free end displacements are simulated on nozzles by applied forces and moments applied in a primary sense, where a primary sense can be defined as F = Constant. A secondary sense can be defined by F = Constant x f(y), where f(y) is a function of the displacement of the nozzle and is a value between 0 and 1. The function f(y) can have any value as a nonlinear function of the displacement vector {y}.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"table","attrs":{"layout":"default","width":760.0,"localId":"9fcbe94d-28a1-4f3b-be1d-205107e7f860"},"content":[{"type":"tableRow","content":[{"type":"tableCell","attrs":{"colspan":1,"rowspan":1,"colwidth":[680.0]},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Load Case Editor","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":75.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":535,"id":"c8e21dee-bc02-4c10-8813-bd48fae711d2","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":165}}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Important: The user should not change the location of the program generated cases – these are identified already for SIFs.","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Consider the following options for curve miscellaneous:","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"#33 DEL FOR THE – to delete thermal loads from the model.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"#33 ZERO – to remove zero loads from the model file (When looking at the file using an editor the zero loads can make it difficult to find the nonzero loads someone is usually looking for. The “ZERO” option 33 command gets rid of the zero load descriptions).","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"TAB:EDIT .m1f file - the file should NOT contain any 13001 thermal loads. 14001 loads (thermal – or operating forces may be present in the file.) See the m1f file below.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":35.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":254,"id":"cf705d0f-1e47-4f5c-92d2-21a87704baf2","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":68}}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Note: The m1f file could be checked prior to removing the temperature. In this case there would have been a number of 13001 records for each element having a temperature load specified. With the m1f file shown here, there is a single 14001 load in the model.","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"em"}]}]}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Perturbing Geometries","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"underline"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Consider the following ways to perturb geometries:","type":"text"}]},{"type":"bulletList","content":[{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Scaling of one or more buckled mode shapes.","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Scaling of one or more static or dynamic shapes.","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Scaling of one step in a plastic solution.","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Applying an irregarity or skew to the loading.","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Applying a load to produce a pertrubed geometry and then scaling the displaced shape.","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Applying a pattern of deflection (contact PRG regarding a PS engagement).","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Using a scan of the vessel or pipe component and morph the suface nodes to the scanned location. ","type":"text"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Variations of these different approaches are described below.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"The most convenient way to perturb a geometry is through the shorthand drawing tool options. The drawing tool menus can be accessed from almost every FEPipe or NozzlePRO template. The drawing tools operate on prepared finite element models, so the user should get the model as close as possible to its final loaded and specified state. The ","type":"text"},{"text":"Drawing ToolsSet","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]},{"text":" button runs this.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"wrap-left","width":20.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":135,"id":"cd220590-6386-4a6c-81b4-2e9c45a91faf","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":34}}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"The drawing toolset opens with a model containing nodes with red dots for handles. A control panel holds all options that can be accessed from the drawing tools. There are a large number of actions that can be performed on models and output data sets. Once any modifications have been made, (including setting up different load cases or redefining loads), the user can submit the model for analysis.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"A common approach for perturbing a geometry prior to a collapse or buckling analysis is to run an eigensolution. From the control panel, there is a ","type":"text"},{"text":"Shell Bifurcation Buckling","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]},{"text":" button, which opens the ","type":"text"},{"text":"Bifurcation Buckling Analysis","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]},{"text":" window.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":35.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":254,"id":"afe163ac-a70e-4d79-8be9-72358cf1ccdc","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":102}}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"The user clicks each button in the step sequence listed above to show buckling modes. The buckling modes should be investigated so that modes in the area of interest are selected. Perturbations can be anywhere. The user is advised to locally thin the model in this area also within the expected thickness tolerance. This small local thinning can control the mode shape calculation and put perturbed geometries in the location where they are needed.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":60.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":426,"id":"c7f22fb0-15b2-4df5-8940-38a2ddba20ec","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":182}}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" ","type":"text"}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":25.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":193,"id":"3c687649-6f45-4759-be3d-dcb46b9fd078","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":177}}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"From the ","type":"text"},{"text":"ELEMENT","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]},{"text":" tab, the user can access the ","type":"text"},{"text":"Miscellaneous Option on Selected Elements","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]},{"text":" dialog box, where the user can select option #10 (perturb based on buckling modes) as well as include modes 1 and 2 in such a way that the maximum displacement of the disturbed shape is 0.18.”","type":"text"}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":15.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":113,"id":"a8d9c6fb-c3b8-4045-9da5-74ddd3aa3801","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":149}}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":40.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":270,"id":"0d456303-0bc7-4e97-bc65-80696fed2840","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":148}}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Note: The maximum radial perturbation displacement (0.18) can be entered as negative to change the orientation of the perturbation. The perturbed geometry will have peaks directed toward the center of the cylinder and away from the center of the cylinder. The largest, most sensitively located peaks pointing toward the center of the cylinder generally have the most significant impact on the reduction of the load capacity due to the perturbation. The plastic analysis of the buckling shape with the perturbation of 0.18” is shown below.","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"em"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"The unperturbed peak load factor is shown to the 2.52 in the two figures below. The perturbed (but not thinned) load factor is 2.11 and the perturbed and thinned load factor is 2.08, or 82.7% of the unperturbed maximum load capacity, a 17% reduction in estimated maximum load capacity.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"center","width":40.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":301,"id":"02a0b0b8-6632-4b97-8ab3-a87db4701f79","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":210}}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"center","width":20.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":142,"id":"ad96b8b9-2862-4aa0-ab4c-2d68e032a2d8","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":235}}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"The user can expect a collapse at around 2.2 using the minimum allowed material properties and some perturbation. With minimum or non-effective perturbation, the user can expect collapse at around 2.52 as demonstrated in the figure below.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":60.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":421,"id":"58bc4e72-3a65-4756-bafd-03c7954ed3a3","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":359}}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Nozzle type geometries where the buckled mode includes the geometry of the nozzle may not experience significant effects due to perturbation where external loads not putting compressive loads on the geometry are involved. Buckling modes due to the local thinning (above) are shown below.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"wrap-left","width":15.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":129,"id":"70b55593-d69f-484d-a85c-32526d391642","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":182}}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"wrap-left","width":15.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":123,"id":"08ddb730-71f0-4a00-b29f-961b706e0072","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":180}}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Eigenmodes with irregular thinning for pipe where mill tolerance may be 12.5%.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"wrap-left","width":65.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":460,"id":"0b3baa99-8f78-4d97-8873-4b1cbd21d786","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":293}}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"The collapse moment of a 36” x 0.5” thick pipe would be expected to be around D2TSy/q, where q is an adjustment factor based on length and D/T. D/T = (36-0.5)/0.5 = 71. The D/T is > 50 and so it would be reasonable that the recommended Rodabaugh B","type":"text"},{"text":"2","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"subsup","attrs":{"type":"sub"}}]},{"text":" adjustment for D/T between 50 and 100 would be used. This adjustment is 1/( 1.3 – 0.006(D/T)) = 1/(1.3-0.006(75)) = 1.144. For a 35 ksi yield material pipe, D","type":"text"},{"text":"2","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"subsup","attrs":{"type":"sup"}}]},{"text":"TS","type":"text"},{"text":"y","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"subsup","attrs":{"type":"sub"}}]},{"text":"/1.144 = (35.5)2(0.5)(35000)/1.144 = 19.278e6 in.lb. Z = (3.14159/32)(364-354)/36 = 488.12 cu.in., the collapse stress is 19.278e6 / 488.12 = 39,494 psi.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"wrap-left","width":70.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":484,"id":"524aaf5c-d9b3-4f83-a358-0081c8e69df6","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":157}}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"The collapse strength from perturbed and thinned pipe is 2.0848 x 1e7 in.lb. The comparison of the hand calculation and the perturbed finite element calculation is favorable: 1.928e7 / 2.084e7 = 0.925.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"There are several lengths that control cylindrical behavior. A few are listed below.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"bulletList","content":[{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"(RT)","type":"text"},{"text":"0.5","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"subsup","attrs":{"type":"sup"}}]},{"text":": Local meridonal direction undulation. ","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"1.7(RT)","type":"text"},{"text":"0.5","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"subsup","attrs":{"type":"sup"}}]},{"text":": When shells buckle in the axial (meridonal) direction, the size of the buckle is estimated by this expression.","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Ovalization Length D","type":"text"},{"text":"1.4","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"subsup","attrs":{"type":"sup"}}]},{"text":"/T","type":"text"},{"text":"0.4","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"subsup","attrs":{"type":"sup"}}]},{"text":": These can be related to ovalization shapes in lobed shell mode shapes from a natural frequency calculation. ","type":"text"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" ","type":"text"}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":80.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":549,"id":"70511587-140f-4dbf-b55d-ede50d0ee77b","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":381}}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Perturbation Due to Specified Loading","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"underline"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"The image below explains the perturbation process specified by a loading.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"wrap-left","width":90.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":615,"id":"0e75afd7-087f-41f3-a7ba-364aec7bb1e5","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":619}}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"The image below shows how to scale the perturbation using buckling modes 2 and 3.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":75.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":547,"id":"ec60914f-bf58-4dc1-b9e8-0a8acf087da3","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":214}}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"The images below further explain this process.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":95.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":653,"id":"8fcd18a1-0a53-40c9-807f-f7621e33a003","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":666}}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"mediaSingle","attrs":{"layout":"align-start","width":65.0},"content":[{"type":"media","attrs":{"width":441,"id":"134d8c8f-f94e-4a44-8a08-7cbabbcd6b19","collection":"contentId-2713681944","type":"file","height":143}}]}],"version":1}

Browser not supported